Introduction to the flavor and taste of Yunnan small grain coffee the characteristics of iron pickup coffee in manor producing area

Although Yunnan coffee in China can already be seen in cafes, there are still many friends who do not necessarily know what Yunnan coffee tastes like. Yunnan coffee belongs to Asian beans, naturally without the taste of herbs and pine, but with more local flavor characteristics, such as brown sugar, tea taste and plum acid. Qianjie also likes Yunnan coffee very much, because it is Chinese people's own coffee.

The flavor of coffee is inseparable from variety, and coffee variety is the essence, which basically determines the flavor characteristics of coffee. For example: Arabica coffee is mostly in the form of boutique coffee, Robusta coffee is mostly in the form of spaghetti coffee. In other words, Arabica coffee tastes better than Robusta's, but it doesn't mean that all Arabica coffee tastes better than Robusta's. Yunnan small grain coffee used to be Arabica, also known as Yunnan small grain coffee, in terms of taste, it is relatively neutral, neither too sour nor too bitter. It is really fragrant but not bitter, strong but not strong, slightly sour and comfortable. It is also more in line with the taste of the public. But at present, most of Yunnan small-grain coffee are Katim varieties.

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, most of which are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is mainly mountainous and sloping, with large undulation, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. The geographical and climatic conditions of Yunnan are very high quality, which provides good conditions for the growth of coffee.

The Origin of Yunnan small Coffee

In 1892, French missionary Father Tian Deneng preached in Binchuan, Dali. in order to drink coffee, he planted coffee trees in the village of Zhukula, near the church in Binchuan County, and taught local villagers to grow and drink coffee. Up to now, there are still 24 coffee trees that are more than 90 years old in Zhukula Township, and coffee is the main welcome in the local village. Zhukula Village belongs to the Zhukula Village Committee of Pingchuan Town, Binchuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is located at the junction of Dali Prefecture, Chuxiong Prefecture and Lijiang City.

In the 19th century, Zhu Kula was called "Ruokelai" (Yi language), which means winding mountain road. In 1892, due to the arrival of the French missionary Father Tian, he combined the essence of Yi language with the romance of the French, so the name Zhu Kula came into being, and later generations translated it as "heaven on earth". And Chinese mainland's earliest Zhukula Coffee is also famous for it.

Yunnan coffee bean varieties

In the past, Yunnan coffee was called "Yunnan small grain coffee". In fact, "small grain species" refers to an alias for Arabica coffee.

Arabica coffee (Arabica), also known as small grain coffee. Derived from the wild coffee produced in Africa, it was introduced into Europe through Arabia and got its name. It was introduced into Zhu Kula, Binchuan County, Dali, China in the 1890s, and has since taken root in Chinese mainland. Yunnan has also become the representative of Chinese coffee, so Yunnan coffee is also known as "Yunnan small grain coffee".

Arabica coffee has a very high requirement on the growth environment, and it is usually more suitable to grow in the mountainous areas where Rain Water is abundant and has a large temperature difference between day and night. In addition to paying attention to bean seeds, manors and handling methods, some boutique coffees even mark the altitude of planting on the packaging. In addition, there are many varieties of Arabica coffee, such as the common tin card, bourbon, Kaddura and so on (similar to the red beauty, Aiyuan, unknown fire and other varieties in citrus). These are the variety names of coffee trees.

The most classic high-quality Arabica variety is Iron pickup, which is highly adaptable and is a variant of many coffee varieties we are familiar with: for example, Blue Mountain Coffee is a variety of Iron pickup grown in Jamaica, Kona Coffee is a variety of Iron pickup grown in Hawaii, and Mantenin is a variety of Iron pickup grown in Sumatra.

Typicati, which is native to Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan, is one of the oldest coffee varieties in Arabica, also known as the old variety of small grain coffee. The Tippica coffee tree is quite tall and has conical branches. The mother branch of the Tibica coffee tree is tilted about 60 degrees, the leaves are usually dark bronze, the top leaves are red bronze, called red top coffee, Tibica Typica coffee tree is very high. And the yield is less and the cultivation is more difficult than other varieties, which means that it is often difficult to obtain this kind of high-quality coffee. Although the yield of coffee beans is very low, the cup test score is very high, and the coffee flavor is varied.

At present, the most widely planted in Yunnan is the Katim coffee tree, which is a cross between Kaddura in Arabica coffee and Tim in Robusta coffee. Katim coffee tree has strong disease resistance of robusta coffee, but it is slightly inferior to iron pickup coffee in aroma and taste richness. Of course, there are also a small number of coffee growers in Yunnan growing other boutique coffee varieties, such as bourbon, Kaddura and Kaduai. In espresso, Katim coffee beans can become a fighter, but as hand-brewed coffee beans, sometimes it may not feel ideal. Katim has become the main variety of Yunnan coffee beans, so Yunnan small-grain coffee has been transformed into Katim variety.

Because the Katim variety carries the Robustad gene, inheriting Robusta's strong disease resistance, but also inheriting Robusta's criticized flavor, Han Huaizong once described Katim as "demon-like tail rhyme". With the development of planting technology and the improvement of varieties, the Katim flavor is becoming more and more elegant.

Qianjie Coffee has two kinds of Yunnan coffee beans, washed Yunnan small grain coffee and Sun Katim coffee are Katim varieties, while Qianjie 2013 tanning iron pickup is the iron pickup variety.

Producing area of small grain coffee in Yunnan

Yunnan small grain coffee planting areas are: Pu'er City, Lincang City, Baoshan City, Dehong Prefecture, Nujiang Prefecture, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Dali Prefecture, Diqing Prefecture and other states and cities, and the planting area and area are still expanding.

[Dehong]

The birthplace of coffee in China, the area is 1000 to 1600 meters above sea level, covering an area of 2000 hectares of coffee plantations. More importantly, most coffee is grown here organically, making it one of the best in the world.

[pu'er]

As the coffee capital, in 2012, the planting area of Pu'er was 43433 hectares, the coffee harvest area was 18000 hectares, and the annual output of coffee was 36500 tons, of which 24700 tons were exported. The Pu'er coffee industry has 70 registered enterprises, 30, 000 households and a population of about 1 million. Pu'er tea, known as the "City of Millennium Tea", is an important coffee producing area in China, with the largest planting area, the highest output and the best quality, and is also an important distribution center of international coffee business.

[Baoshan]

Small Coffee, the most famous coffee in Baoshan, took the first step in the late 1950s and soon received positive feedback from London. It was recognized as "the top coffee in the country" at the National Coffee Conference in 1980. In December 2010, Baoshan small Grain Coffee obtained A-level certification and passed the process of China National Standards Administration, which is considered to reflect China's National Geographic indication products. Qianjie rations, beans, water washing Yunnan small grains of coffee is from Baoshan producing area.

[Lincang]

Lincang City is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, with the Tropic of Cancer running through the south, Pu'er in the east, Dali in the north, Baoshan in the west, and Myanmar in the southwest. It is a bright pearl in the southwest of the motherland because it is close to the Lancang River. The annual average temperature in Lincang ranges from 16.8 ℃ to 17.2℃. The dry and wet season is obvious and the sunshine is sufficient. Qianjie Coffee took a fancy to this "green pearl on the border". In the early days of its establishment, Qianjie Coffee set up its own coffee farm in Lincang, one of the main coffee producing areas in Yunnan. growing the oldest Arabica variety-iron pickup.

Yunnan coffee bean treatment method

The weather in Yunnan is rainy and foggy, so washing treatment has become the most commonly used method of coffee treatment in Yunnan. Of course, there are also sun treatments, such as Sun Katim Coffee in Qianjie and Iron pickup Coffee in Qianjie on 2013. With the development of high-quality coffee, Yunnan coffee beans also have some special treatments, such as honey treatment, etc., but these treatments still can not cover the flavor of Yunnan coffee beans, so Qianjie chose the most traditional sun and water-washed coffee beans.

Parameters of Yunnan coffee brewed in Qianjie:

In order to preserve the sweet and sour and tea characteristics of Yunnan coffee, Qianjie Coffee roasted it in medium and light degree. V60 filter cup can be used when brewing, powder-water ratio at 1:15, medium grinding (about the size of coarse sugar / 80% screening rate of China 20 standard sieve), water temperature of 91 degrees.

The use of segmented extraction, with twice the amount of coffee powder water for steaming, that is, 30 grams of water for 30 seconds, and the reason for the need for steaming process is to make coffee powder can discharge the internal carbon dioxide gas, so that the latter stage of the extraction is better stable. When the small water is injected around the circle to 125 grams, the injection will be stopped until 225 grams, then the filter cup will be removed after the dripping of the filter cup, and the extraction time will be 2 minutes 39 grams. Next, pick up and shake the whole cup of coffee, then pour it into the cup and taste it.

[Qianjie 2013Sun Iron pickup Coffee] has a thick, sour and sweet taste, with citrus and berry flavors, with a hint of fermented wine, caramel sweetness, creamy finish, black tea.

Suggestions for making coffee in front of the street:

For the brewing of coffee, Qianjie has always believed that the freshness of coffee beans has a great relationship with the flavor of coffee, so the coffee beans shipped in Qianjie coffee are roasted within 5 days. The purpose of Qianjie roasting is "freshly roasted coffee", so that every guest who places an order is the freshest coffee when he receives it. The bean cultivation period of coffee is about 4-7 days, so when the guest gets it, it is the time when the flavor is the best.

For those who need to be ground, Qianjie warmly reminds you that if the coffee beans are ground in advance, there is no need to raise the beans, because in the process of transportation, the pressure caused by carbon dioxide in the package can also make the coffee flavor round. so you can drink a cup of coffee as soon as you receive the coffee powder. But the coffee powder needs to be brewed in time, because the coffee powder oxidizes more quickly after contact with the air, that is to say, the flavor of the coffee will dissipate more quickly, and the flavor of the coffee is not so good. Therefore, Qianjie suggests buying whole beans, grinding and flushing now, so that we can better taste the flavor of coffee.

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