Ethiopian Coffee Manor with rich nutty flavor and taste characteristics

Ethiopia is located at 6 ~ 9 degrees north latitude and 34 ~ 40 degrees east longitude. It is located in the center of the Horn of Africa and is a landlocked country. It is bordered by Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan to the northwest, Eritrea to the north and Kenya to the south. [5]

Topography

There are mainly mountain plateaus in Ethiopia, and the central and western regions are the main part of the plateau, accounting for 2% of the total. The East African Rift Valley runs through the whole territory, with an average elevation of nearly 3000 meters, which is known as the "roof of Africa". The terrain around the plateau is gradually declining. The Darol depression in the north fell to 113 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the country. The coast of the Red Sea is a narrow banded plain. Deserts and semi-deserts in the north, south and north-east account for about 25% of the country's area. The Dashan peak of the Ximen Mountains is 4623 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Ethiopia. [6]

Climate

Due to the large difference between latitude span and altitude, Ethiopia is located in the tropics, but the temperature is uneven in different places. The heavy rainy season is from June to September, the dry season is from October to January, and the light rainy season is from February to May. Due to uneven rainfall in different seasons and regions, local drought is easy to occur. The temperature ranges from 9.7 ℃ to 25.5 ℃. The average annual temperature is 16 ℃. [5]

Hydrology

There are many rivers and lakes in the territory, where the Blue Nile originates, but the utilization rate is less than 5%. [1]

Natural resources editor

Proven deposits include gold, platinum, nickel, copper, iron, coal, tantalum, silicon, potash, phosphate, marble, limestone, oil and natural gas. Companies from Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Britain, Sudan, Jordan and other countries have carried out oil and gas exploration and development in Ethiopia. Rich in water resources, known as the "East African water tower". [1]

Population editor

As of 2012, Ethiopia has a population of 91 million, making it the second most populous country in Africa. The population growth rate is 2.9%. [7]

There are more than 80 ethnic groups in the country, mainly Oromo (40%), Amhara (20%), Tiger (8%), Somalia (6%), Sidamo (4%) and so on. 45% of the residents believe in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 40-45% believe in Islam, 5% believe in Protestantism, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

As of 2012, the three most populous states were Oromo, Amhara and Southern states. [7]

Ethiopia is rectangular, with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. From top to bottom, it is composed of green, yellow and red parallel equal horizontal rectangles, with the national emblem in the middle of the flag. Since the end of the 19th century, Ethiopia began to use the green, yellow and red cross-striped national flag. In modern history, Ethiopia is the first African country to join the forest of free nations. [8]

In the fifties and sixties of this century, many African countries became independent one after another and adopted green, yellow and red as the colors of the national flag, so they were called "pan-African colors". Ethiopia is one of the ancient countries in Africa, with a long history of more than 3000 years, giving green, yellow and red colors deeper roots in this land. Historically, they are closely related to the liturgy of the Coptic church, and are worshipped as the symbol of the trinity of the Father, the son and the Holy Spirit, reflecting the three virtues of loyalty, hope and kindness advocated by human freedom. These three colors also represent three regions of Ethiopia: Tikleh (red), Amhara (yellow) and Theo (green). Green represents fertile land, mild climate and rich plant resources, and also symbolizes hope for the future; yellow symbolizes peace and fraternity, as well as the people's determination to build a country; red symbolizes that the people are ready to shed blood and sacrifice their addiction to coffee in order to defend the motherland. In 2003, domestic consumption accounted for 42.3% of the total output, with a per capita consumption of 3 kg. But more than half of the coffee produced each year is used for export to earn foreign exchange. The main exporters include the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Greece, France, Belgium, Germany and Australia.

Before 1974, the right to produce, process and trade coffee was in private hands. During the military administration, private farms were nationalized and smallholder coffee producers were snubbed. In 1991, the Ethiopian Transitional Government issued a new economic policy to encourage private businessmen to export coffee. As a result, the number of private coffee exporters has increased sharply. Nearly 90% of coffee exports are now in the hands of private exporters.

The characteristics of Ethiopian coffee

The natural characteristics of coffee beans include size, shape, acidity, texture, taste and aroma. Essel's coffee beans are small, fragrant and sour like wine, and are loved by coffee lovers. Because of its unique aroma and taste, Ethiopian coffee is often used in the production and variety improvement of beverages, ice cream and candies.

The world-famous Ethiopian coffee is mainly:

1. Limu coffee grows between 1400 meters and 2000 meters above sea level. Wash the coffee. Excellent quality, with strong nut aromas, suitable acidity, with the intensity of wine. The annual output is 29000 tons.

2. Jima Coffee grows between 1400 and 1800 meters above sea level. Sun-baked coffee. Slightly sour, with nutty aromas and a long finish. The annual output is 70000 tons.

3. Gambi coffee grows between 1500 meters and 2300 meters above sea level. It is gourmet coffee with moderate acidity and fruity aroma. The annual output is 34000 tons.

4. Yerqin coffee grows from 1500 meters to 2200 meters above sea level. Mocha flavor, with floral and spicy aromas. The average annual output is about 28000 tons.

5. Sidamo Coffee grows at an altitude of 1400-2200 meters. Suitable acidity and high quality. The average annual output is about 37000 tons.

6. Harald Coffee grows on highlands above 2700 meters above sea level. It is the best coffee in the world, medium acidity, intoxicating exotic flavor, with slightly tipsy, dried fruit aroma, is pure mocha coffee. The average annual output is about 26000 tons