Introduction to the characteristics of boutique coffee beans in Kenya coffee flavor and taste manor area

Kenya maintains a presidential system of government. Since independence, the Kenyan League has been in power for a long time. After changing to a multi-party system in 1991, the Kenyan League won two consecutive multi-party elections in 1992 and 1997, and Moi was re-elected president. In the third multi-party general election held in December 2002, the opposition coalition National Rainbow Alliance (all League) defeated the Kenya League, Kibaki was elected president, and the League won a majority of seats in parliament. After the general election in December 2007, national riots were caused by disputes over the election results between the ruling National Unity Party and the opposition Orange Democratic Movement. Under the mediation of former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, the two parties to the dispute signed the Agreement on the principles of Partnership of the Coalition Government on February 28, 2008 and formed a coalition government on April 13. The leader of the ruling party, Mwai Kibaki, is president, and the leader of the opposition, Odinga, is the new prime minister. In March 2013, Kenya held a new general election, "Jubilee Alliance" candidate Kenyatta defeated the "Alliance for Reform and Democracy" candidate Odinga, was elected the fourth president of Kenya. On April 9, Kenyatta was sworn in. [5]

Constitution

The Constitution of the Republic was promulgated in 1964 and has been amended 30 times by September 2014. In June 1982, Ken established an one-party system by amending the constitution. In December 1991, it was changed to a multi-party system, which stipulates that the president is willing to be a multi-party democratic country, and the president is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces for a term of five years, and shall not be re-elected for more than two terms; the president-elect shall, while obtaining a majority of votes, win more than 25% of the votes in five of the country's eight provinces; the president has the highest executive power and the power of appointment and removal, and has the power to convene or dissolve parliament; the president and cabinet are collectively responsible to parliament. Citizens enjoy freedom of religious belief, expression, assembly, association and movement. Since 1997, the opposition party in Kenya has strongly demanded a comprehensive revision of the constitution on the grounds that the constitution does not meet the requirements of the multi-party system. In September 1997, Ken promulgated the draft Constitutional Amendment Commission Bill and began to amend the Constitution. In February 2006, President Kibaki announced the establishment of a new constitutional amendment committee to replace the original constitutional amendment commission whose term of office expires. Since February 29, 2008, the disputed parties to the Kenyan general election have entered the fourth agenda of the mediation "road map" under Annan mediation (that is, the resolution of "long-term problems", including land, constitutional amendment, tribal conflicts, etc.). In May 2008, the two sides indicated that the negotiations on agenda 4 were drawing to a close and had basically reached consensus in the areas of land reform, constitutional amendment and poverty reduction. In November 2009, the National Dialogue and Reconciliation Commission approved the texts of the Kenya Constitutional Amendment Act 2008 and the Kenyan Constitutional Amendment 2008. In April 2010, the draft constitution of Kenya was approved by Parliament, passed a referendum in August and formally promulgated and implemented, its main contents include: maintaining the presidential system of government, no longer establishing the post of prime minister, but the presidential power has been weakened; the parliament has been changed into a bicameral system, with the addition of a Senate; the administrative division has been changed from the central, provincial, regional, district, township and village levels to the central and county levels.

Don't underestimate the small farmers in Kenya, they are just like ants, and their overall production capacity is higher than that of large farms, about six to four, which is quite rare in bean-producing countries. Kenyan coffee is widely appreciated by connoisseurs, thanks in large part to small farmers guarding the foothills and producing high-quality coffee. In addition, Kenya beans must have a strict grading system. Coffee beans taken out by washing plants are divided into five grades according to size, shape and hardness, with the highest being PB, followed by AA++, AA+, AA and AB. This grading system is similar to Colombia, mainly in terms of particle size and shape, but selling well does not necessarily lead to good flavor. This is what coffee fans should know. The current international evaluation of Kenyan beans is not as good as in previous years. It is believed that this has something to do with the abnormal climate, which is not conducive to the growth of coffee, but the matter is not so simple. This is related to the Kenyan authorities' efforts to promote the new variety Ruiru11 with stronger disease resistance and higher yield per unit. According to the taste test, the new variety with higher economic value has a worse flavor than the traditional variety, and to make matters worse, Ruiru11 is about to replace the traditional Arabica and Bourbon varieties. In addition, the quality of coffee is declining, the auction price is not good, and the income of small farmers is reduced. Coupled with the fact that the coffee management bureau is not a paradox, farmers' enthusiasm for coffee will be greatly reduced, which will of course affect the quality of coffee. Moreover, Kenya's outstanding washing technology has also declined, which is the killer of strangling quality.

In addition, Kenya was an early British colony, and the British had established a perfect cultivation and quality control system. After the independence of Kenya, the coffee industry has made great strides on the existing basis and has become a foreign exchange earning industry in Kenya. There are two types of coffee farms in Kenya. One is a large planting farm covering an area of more than five acres, but the average elevation is low. As far as Kenyan coffee is concerned, the coffee bean quality of the big farm is only medium. The best Kenyan beans come from small farms, most of which are located in the foothills or volcanic slopes above 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Each small farmer has a capacity of only 20 to 70 bags per season and cannot afford to invest in expensive washing plants, but small farmers are very United. Hundreds or thousands of households are gathered to set up a cooperative farm, which is funded by the government to build a washing treatment plant, and the coffee fruits picked by small farmers are sent to the cooperative farm for unified processing. First remove the half-ripe or rotten fruit, then peel, ferment, decompose the flesh, remove the coffee beans, then dry and polish, the whole process is supervised by the official Coffee Administration, which ensures the quality of Kenyan coffee. Kenya bean washing processing technology and high standards of quality control, has always been an example of bean-producing countries.

Kenyan coffee fruit