Introduction to the characteristics of the manor producing area with unique flavor of Colombian coffee

When news of Napoleon I's invasion of Spain reached Colombia in 1808, the people there immediately launched an independence movement. On July 20, 1810, Bogotá erupted in a massive uprising against Spanish colonial rule, arresting the governor of New Granada. In November 1811, representatives of the provinces organized a congress in Bogotá, established the United Provincial Government of New Granada, and declared independence on November 11. But Cundinamarca did not recognize the federation. At the end of 1812, controversy over the formation of the regime eventually led to civil war. In 1814 it broke out again. In mid-1815, a large Spanish expedition arrived in New Grenada. Overthrew the Union provincial government. In May of 16, the Royalists took control of all of New Grenada. In 1815 the Spanish colonists returned. On August 7, 1819, S. Bolivar led the rebel army to defeat the Spanish colonial army at the Battle of Boyaca and captured Bogotá on the 10th, thus ending Spanish colonial rule. In 1823, Bolivar was requested by Peruvian patriots and approved by Congress. He led Colombia troops into Peru to fight against Spanish colonial forces.

In 1824, Colombia and Peru allied forces defeated the Spanish colonial army and Peru gained independence. During Bolivar's war in Peru, Santander acted as president and presided over Colombia's government affairs. Santander advocated the establishment of a federal regime and united local forces to oppose Bolivarian unity. Factional struggles within Colombia's Congress and government have become increasingly acute.

In April 1826, the Venezuelan local rulers headed by Pais and those opposed to the new Granada rulers headed by Santander demanded the establishment of a separate state. After Bolivarian mediation, separatist activities were temporarily stopped, but internal contradictions and factional struggles persisted.

May 8, 1828 Colombia's National Assembly convenes in Ocaña. Bolívar led by the centralized faction with Santander as the representative of the Federation faction in the meeting sharp conflict occurred. After that, the tendency to split in various places became more and more obvious.

In November 1829, Venezuela issued a statement withdrawing from the Great Republic of Colombia.

In January 1830 Bolívar resigned as president in Congress in an attempt to resolve differences and preserve national unity, but to no avail. On May 31, Quito announced its withdrawal from Colombia and established the Republic of Ecuador. Bolívar died on December 17, and Colombia disintegrated. 1831 Colombia and Panama renamed Republic of New Granada

One: it is said to have come from Haiti in the Caribbean via El Salvador in Central America.

Second, coffee beans were first introduced into Colombia in 1808 by a priest from the French Antilles via Venezuela. One of them is that the first coffee seeds from Colombia came from Venezuela through the province of Santander. [1]

Third: The earliest record of coffee cultivation in Colombia appears in a book entitled "The Illustrated Orinoca" by the Spanish missionary Jose Gumilla. He describes his travels on both sides of the Meta River in 1730, mentioning coffee plantations there. By 1787, other missionaries had spread coffee to other parts of Colombia. Colombia coffee is mainly Arabica coffee. Plants are small trees or large shrubs, 5-8 meters high, usually multi-branched at the base; old branches are gray, nodes expand, young branches glabrous, compressed. Leaves thinly leathery, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6-14 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, acuminate 10-15 mm long, base cuneate or slightly obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or shallowly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces, with or without pits in axils of lower veins; midvein raised on both surfaces of leaf blade, lateral veins 7-13 on each side; petiole 8-15 mm long; Stipules broadly triangular, born at the top of the young branches conical long pointed or awned tip, born at the top of the old branches are often pointed, long 3-6 mm. Cymes several clustered in leaf axils, 2-5 flowers per inflorescence, pedunculate or very short; fragrant flowers with pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; bracts more or less united at base. Pure taste of Colombia coffee, from Colombia, which has the most favorable natural conditions for coffee growth. But beyond that, it is inseparable from the hard work of local growers. In Colombia, coffee is cultivated on 1.07 million hectares, there are about 302,000 coffee plantations in the country, and 30 to 40 per cent of the rural population depends directly on coffee production. Although Colombia has many farms, they are not large. Each farm has an area of only about 2 hectares, and more than 80% of coffee plantations have only about 5000 coffee trees, with an average of 3000. Thus, agriculture in Colombia is of the small farm type. Locals plant tall trees or banana trees around coffee trees. During the seedling stage, coffee trees are sheltered to ensure a cool and humid environment for coffee growth. Due to the humidity in the coffee forest, the temperature difference is small, and the coffee beans mature slowly, which is conducive to the accumulation of caffeine and aromatic substances, so the coffee quality is the best.