Introduction to the types of coffee in Yunnan and the quality of Yunnan small-grain coffee

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Introduction to the kinds of Coffee in Yunnan

All the coffee beans grown in Yunnan are Arabica coffee beans. The varieties were first introduced in 1892 in Zhukula area, Pingchuan Town, Binchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Arabica bourbon and Arabica Tippica coffee beans were introduced. Kenya Katimo (Arabica and Robusta) was introduced in 1991, which belongs to Arabica small variety beans. As the earliest bourbon and tin khaki beans are small, commonly known as small-grain coffee beans, coupled with the production of Yunnan, so later generations will produce coffee beans in Yunnan, collectively known as Yunnan small-grain coffee. At present, there are three coffee varieties in Yunnan: bourbon, Tippika and Katimo (variety), and the main producing areas are Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefecture.

Quality of Yunnan small grain coffee

The quality of coffee depends on many factors, such as growing environment, climate, cultivation and management techniques and so on. Its best growing environment is low latitude, high altitude, sufficient rainfall and suitable sunshine, so the north latitude is 15. The ideal growing area for coffee is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer. However, other areas in this zone, such as Hawaii and Saudi Arabia in the United States, or low altitude or little rain in the desert, are not conducive to coffee growth, only southern Yunnan in this zone happens to have all kinds of conditions. According to the determination of experts, small seed coffee should be planted in the mountains at an altitude of 800 to 1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, it will taste sour, and if it is too low, it will taste bitter.

Yunnan coffee is mostly planted in dry and hot valleys at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, so it has a moderate sour taste, rich and mellow aroma. In terms of climatic conditions, the long light time in southern Yunnan is conducive to plant growth and photosynthesis, and the large temperature difference between day and night and low temperature at night are conducive to the accumulation of coffee nutrients. Therefore, the effective nutrients of Yunnan small-grain coffee are higher than those of other foreign coffee varieties. Small seed coffee is easy to be infected with rust, and the yield and quality of embroidery disease are deeply affected. In the hot area of Yunnan, due to the distinct dry and wet, the red ripening of fresh fruit enters the dry season every year, and the relative humidity is low, which is not conducive to the formation and growth of rust blister.

Due to the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee, it entered the London market with "Lujiang No.1" in the 1960s and was rated as first-class. In recent years, the world-famous coffee companies such as Nestle and McDonnell have come to Yunnan to open up raw material bases, and the products produced in Yunnan are also gradually famous at home and abroad. At present, the average yield of coffee in Yunnan has reached 96.4 kg, and a household contracted land in Lujiang has set a world record of 400 kg. After visiting the coffee garden of Lujiang Farm, Steyhead, a chief coffee expert of the United Nations Planning and Development Program, said: "I have seen countless coffee plantations in the world. The management here is world-class and the yield per unit area is the highest. In Kunming Tongren Street, there is a coffee shop-Kunming Best Cafe. In addition to the first-class coffee taste, his environment is also first-class. After visiting Jinbi Square, you can cross the street on the pedestrian street of the two yellow French buildings, where you can relax and taste the Yunnan small Coffee, a plateau specialty of 1800 meters above sea level.