Coffee trees from flowering to fruiting

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When you have those roasted coffee beans in your hand

Savoring that freshly brewed cup of coffee

Have you ever thought about it?

Coffee beans

From a seed that was sown to the soil

To bask in the sun and rain on the coffee tree

And then become a ripe fruit.

Leave its matrix.

What kind of experience is it?

You can probably identify 129 coffee trees in the world.

The Ethiopian long Cup, known as the "roof of Africa", is believed to be the place where coffee originated. So the first coffee tree in the world came from Africa.

According to scientists, 129 coffee trees have been identified so far. Today, different coffee trees are distributed all over the world, although this global crop is different, but the lineage is still very similar, and the genetic change is not great.

Among the coffee trees, the most interesting kind of coffee is Arabica. Arabica trees look alike, with thin trunks and dense branches that support many fruits and leaves. But if you take a closer look, you will find that there are still many different tree features. This is mainly because Arabica friends have many different varieties, so the fruits have different yields, colors, and some varieties have a distinct appearance, and many fruits are evenly distributed on the branches.

There are great differences in leaf characteristics among different varieties of coffee, but more importantly, the seeds of these different varieties will taste significantly different after being picked and boiled. The coffee beans planted by different varieties of coffee trees will bring different flavor characteristics and taste characteristics.

It is a long period of about three years from planting the seed to harvesting the fruit.

Many of the larger coffee plantations have their own nursery areas, which serve as refuges for seedlings that have not yet thrived before they are transplanted to the coffee park.

First of all, coffee bean seeds are planted in fertile soil and will soon germinate, and then coffee beans will sprout and rise from the ground. at this stage, they are called "guards" and look strange, like roasted ripe beans glued to a thin green petiole.

Soon, the whole plant will grow rapidly, and it will take six months to a year before the seedlings can be transplanted from the seedling area to the official coffee garden. Therefore, growing coffee requires not only money, but also time.

In addition to money and time, it takes more attention to grow coffee trees. Coffee trees are vulnerable to many different pests and diseases, the two most common of which are leaf rust and coffee fruit bugs. Leaf disease, known as Roya in many Latin countries, causes orange damage on the leaves, causing the leaves to fall due to reduced photosynthesis, which may eventually lead to the death of the entire coffee tree. Today, the epidemic has been exacerbated by warming caused by global climate change. In 2013, many Central American coffee producing countries claimed that coffee trees had been severely damaged by leaf rust to the point of emergency. Coffee bean bugs are native to Africa and are known as Broca in Latin languages. The bugs in the coffee fruit of the incubator will eat the coffee fruit, reducing the overall yield and quality of the coffee.

So, coffee beans can "grow into shape", and finally become the fragrant coffee in our hands is not easy, remember to cherish every cup of coffee in your hand.

Most coffee trees are harvested once a year, and some producing countries can see a second harvest a year, but the products are usually smaller and of lower quality. From the beginning of planting the seeds, it will take at least three years to start to harvest the right amount of coffee fruit.

Planting a coffee tree is not something that can be done with a pat on the head. It requires growers to take it seriously and make up their minds and wait for it to grow until a bumper harvest.

From fragrant flowers to sweet fruits, coffee beans walk through the first half of their lives.

Rain Water will promote the coffee tree to blossom, and the coffee flowers in full bloom are full-bodied and easy to remind people of jasmine. After all kinds of insects in nature help pollinate flowers, coffee trees begin to bear fruit.

Many people may think that the coffee is so bitter, and the fruit must be bitter, too. But this is not the case. When the coffee fruit is ripe, the pulp is extremely sweet, with a delightful melon flavor, accompanied by a little fresh and pleasant acidity.

The size of coffee fruit varies from variety to breed. In general, the size of the coffee fruit is a small grape. Unlike grapes, the seeds in the center of the coffee fruit account for most of the whole fruit, and the proportion of the skin and the pulp underneath is very low.

As the fruit matures, the color of the pericarp becomes darker and darker from green. Usually the pericarp of mature fruit is dark red, while the mature pericarp of a few varieties is yellow. The ripening degree of fruit is usually directly related to the amount of sugar content, and the amount of sugar content is the decisive factor to determine the delicious coffee.

The higher the sugar content of the fruit, the better the quality of the coffee. However, different growers may harvest the fruits at different ripening stages, and some people think that mixing fruits with different maturity can increase the richness and hierarchy of coffee flavor.

From blooming fragrant flowers to

Bear fruit as sweet as honey

The ripe coffee beans were finally picked

Left the matrix of the coffee tree.

It is equivalent to walking the first half of one's life.

It was greeted by a complicated later life.

It was greeted by all kinds of people.

How many years can coffee trees survive? If a coffee tree bears fruit every year, it will be exhausted for more than a decade and must be replanted. But if the coffee tree grows naturally, it can continue to harvest for decades.

Brief introduction of Coffee Tree

Coffee tree, a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree of Rubiaceae, is a horticultural perennial cash crop with the characteristics of fast growth, high yield, high value and wide market. Wild coffee trees can grow to a height of 5 to 10 meters, but coffee trees planted on the manor are often cut to less than 2 meters in order to increase their fruit and facilitate harvesting. Coffee tree opposite leaves are long oval, smooth leaves, the end of the branch is very long, few branches, and the flowers are white, open at the base of the petiole connecting the branch.

Geographical distribution and growth conditions

The promised land for coffee growth is mostly located in countries with alpine terrain between the Tropic of Cancer. It produces tropical Africa and is introduced and cultivated in South and Southwest China. The ideal planting conditions for coffee trees are as follows: the temperature is between 1500mm and 25mm, and the annual rainfall must reach 1500mm to 2000mm, and the rainfall time should be in line with the flowering cycle of coffee trees. Of course, in addition to the seasonal rainfall, there should also be fertile soil and good drainage. Fertile soil containing volcanic ash, in addition, although sunlight is an indispensable element for the growth and fruit of coffee, too strong sunlight will inhibit the growth of coffee trees, so various producing areas usually cooperate with the planting of some shade trees. The ideal altitude is 500 to 2000 meters above sea level.

(1) the seedling stage

The seedling stage is a period from the germination of seeds (or cuttings, grafting) to the emergence of seedlings (the stage of raising seedlings in the nursery), about 0.5-1.5 years. After the coffee seeds were sown, the cotyledons began to be unearthed after a period of germination, which took about 30-100 days, and the length of time was closely related to temperature and humidity. After germination, the cotyledon seedlings should be transferred to a nutrition bag to raise seedlings, which takes 3-12 months to get out of the nursery.

(2) Young tree stage

The young tree period refers to the period from planting to putting into production, about 2-3 years. The main feature of this period is exuberant vegetative growth, which can draw 6-8 pairs of branches every year, centering on the growth of roots, stems and leaves, and the aboveground and underground parts expand rapidly to form an ideal plant structure in preparation for production.

(3) the first birth period

The first production period refers to the period from the beginning of production to the advent of high production, during which coffee begins to enter into reproductive growth, coffee trees grow vigorously, and there is a great demand for nutrients.

(4) flourishing period

Coffee trees generally blossom in 3-4 years, about 2-3 months a year. The appearance and smell of coffee trees are similar to those of jasmine flowers. After the flowers bloom, they bear small green fruits, which ripen and turn red into ripe fruits that can be picked after a few months.

The skin of ripe fruit is red. Because its shape and color are similar to cherries, ripe coffee fruit is called coffe cherry in many places. Under the bright red pericarp, the peel, pulp and a sweet sticky yellow substance wrap the coffee beans.

(5) Aging period

The growth is declining year by year, the economic life is nearing the end, and the coffee tree indicates that it is entering a period of aging. Its life span is closely related to climate, soil and management level, and there are still century-old coffee trees that can blossom and bear fruit.