China's most suitable microclimate for coffee cultivation Introduction to coffee cultivation on the environmental needs

China's most suitable microclimate for coffee cultivation Introduction to coffee cultivation on the environmental needs

The coffee tree is native to Ethiopia in Africa. Coffee tree in botany, belongs to the Rubiaceae coffee subgenus evergreen tree, and generally known as coffee beans, survey is the coffee tree fruit seeds, only because the shape like beans, so called coffee beans.

Climate is the decisive factor for coffee cultivation. Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, so the zone between north and south latitudes is most suitable for coffee cultivation. This coffee-producing zone is commonly referred to as the "coffee belt" or "coffee zone."

However, not all the land in this area can produce good coffee trees. The ideal planting conditions for coffee trees are warm climates with temperatures between 15-25 ° C and rainfall of 1500-2000 mm throughout the year, and the rainfall time should match the flowering cycle of coffee trees. Of course, in addition to seasonal and rainfall coordination, there must be fertile soil. The soil most suitable for coffee cultivation is fertile, well drained soil containing pozzolanic matter.

Coffee belt: coffee can not be grown in any environment, because it is originally a tropical rainforest environment of plants, in the development of the system, the need for calm wind, warm, shade or semi-shade and humid environment habits.

Temperature: The requirements for temperature vary with the cultivated species, small species are more cold-resistant, like warm and cool climate, requiring an average annual temperature of 19~21 degrees.

Rainfall: annual rainfall of more than 1250 mm, evenly distributed, especially in flowering and small fruit development period, there is a certain amount of rainfall most suitable for coffee growth and development.

Light: coffee trees do not tolerate strong light, need appropriate shade, light is too strong, growth is inhibited. If water and fertilizer are insufficient, premature aging and even death will occur. Excessive shade, long foliage, few flowers and fruits, low yield.

Wind: Coffee likes a calm environment.

Soil: coffee tree root system developed, absorption root distribution shallow, loose requirements, fertile, good drainage loam.

Most coffee harvesting in the world is done by hand, so harvesting coffee is a labour-intensive and seasonally intensive process. Since both flowers and fruits are present on the same branch, the picker's index finger and thumb are the best tools for gathering ripe berries. Ripe berries cannot be distinguished from green berries either by scraping them off the entire branch by hand or by using automated harvesting machines.

Coffee farmers who produce low-grade coffee beans prefer to harvest the beans in a labor-saving way, but this reduces the coffee's flavor and grade because of its impure quality. In some parts of Africa, coffee beans are picked by shaking the coffee tree, shaking the fruit off the ground and picking it up before it hurts and rots. Most of Brazil produces secondary coffee, which is harvested by plucking all the leaves, flowers, overheated and green fruit from the branches at once. It takes two years for the damaged coffee trees to recover.