Flavor and taste characteristics of Yunnan small grain coffee variety Katim introduction to the ranking of Yunnan coffee bean producing area

Yunnan coffee has also begun to attack the boutique coffee market in recent years. Although Yunnan coffee has not been in the boutique coffee market for a long time, Qianjie Coffee believes that Yunnan coffee still has great potential. therefore, Qianjie Coffee also has a coffee bean farm in Baoshan, Yunnan Province, which specializes in growing Yunnan coffee beans with iron card varieties. Then the next article will share some relevant planting characteristics and flavor of Yunnan coffee producing area.

History of coffee bean cultivation in Yunnan

Although Yunnan coffee has not been in the boutique coffee market for a long time, it began to be planted a century ago. Qianjie Coffee will share the growing history of Yunnan coffee with coffee fans.

In 1904, Tian Deneng, a French missionary, brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted the first coffee tree in a village called Zhu Kula (now Binchuan County in Dali). This can be called the beginning of Yunnan coffee planting history.

After 1930, Mr. Liang Jinshan, a famous overseas Chinese leader, brought coffee to Pudong and Luoming for planting until the founding of the people's Republic of China.

After 1952, under the guidance of experts in Baoshan, Lujiang and other places began to grow a large number of coffee, and the history of large-scale cultivation has been nearly 60 years. At this time, the varieties of coffee grown in Yunnan are all iron pickups.

With the further reform and opening up in 1992, Nestl é and other foreign companies settled in Yunnan to develop the coffee industry in Yunnan. At that time, Katim, a coffee variety provided by Nestl é, was planted on a large scale, which is famous for its high disease resistance and high yield. then it replaced the only good flavor, delicate and weak iron pickup, and became the most important coffee variety in Yunnan. Therefore, the main use of Yunnan coffee at that time was to sell it to Nestle as the raw material of instant coffee.

By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in Yunnan province had reached 7800 hectares. Until today, Qianjie Coffee has learned that Yunnan Province accounts for 70% of the country's coffee planting area and 83% of the country's output, so from the perspective of planting area and coffee bean production, Yunnan coffee has established a dominant position in China.

Yunnan coffee bean producing area

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 N and the Tropic of Cancer, most of which are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is mainly mountainous and sloping, with large undulation, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. It is very suitable for the cultivation of Arabica coffee beans.

At present, Yunnan coffee is mainly grown in Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and Lincang in the south and west of Yunnan.

Dehong: it has the laudatory name of "hometown of Chinese coffee". The coffee planting in Dehong Prefecture is above 1000 meters above sea level, of which 30, 000 mu are planted in the mountains above 1600 meters above sea level. in addition, the coffee grown in Dehong Prefecture mainly uses organic fertilizers and organic pesticides, resulting in high quality coffee. it is one of the rare high-quality coffee producing areas in the world.

Baoshan: the cultivation of coffee in Baoshan began in the mid-1950s, and the first coffee seedling was introduced by the late patriotic overseas Chinese Mr. Liang Jinshan in Southeast Asia. In recent years, with the expansion of international trade, Lujiangba's small-grain coffee is more famous. Merchants in Europe, the United States, Egypt, Hong Kong and Macao, especially in Britain, the United States, Egypt, Hong Kong and Macao all regard it as top-grade coffee, and their products are in short supply. In December 2010, after being examined and approved by China's General Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, it was decided to implement national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan small Coffee".

The reason why Qianjie Coffee chooses to grow coffee at the junction of Yunnan Baoshan and Myanmar is that the average temperature in Baoshan is 21.5℃, the highest is 40.4 ℃, and it is basically frost-free all the year round, so it is recognized as the best producer of small-grain coffee. The small-grain coffee cultivated here is famous at home and abroad for its strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, well-proportioned small noodles, mellow and fruity. Baoshan small-grain coffee in Yunnan has a long history of cultivation. Baoshan small-grain coffee can be said to be a national geographical indication product.

Lincang: because of its unique geographical location and climatic conditions, Lincang has become the focus of many coffee enterprises, and has successively established 200 mu and 100 mu of high-quality coffee breeding bases in Mengding Town and Lincang Happiness Farm in Gengma Autonomous County of the city. coffee is planted in Gengma, Zhenkang, Yun County, Cangyuan, Yongde and other places.

Pu'er: tea village Pu'er has cultivated coffee for 150 years. At the end of 1990s, Pu'er City began to cultivate coffee as a dominant backbone industry to adjust the industrial structure and increase farmers' income.

Yunnan coffee bean varieties

At present, Katim coffee beans are the most widely grown in Yunnan, but there are also a small amount of iron pickup coffee beans and bourbon coffee beans in Baoshan area. Although they all belong to Arabica species on a large scale, these varieties are very different in nature.

Iron pickup

Iron pickup is the oldest native variety of Arabica in the coffee market, and almost all of the coffee varieties to which Arabica belongs are derived from iron pickup. Iron pickup has an elegant flavor, but its physique is weak, its disease resistance is low, and it is easy to be infected with leaf rust. Therefore, the output of coffee beans is low, and there is no way to achieve economic benefits. In recent years, iron cards in Central and South America have been gradually replaced by Kaddura and Kaduai. So the figure of the iron pickup is becoming more and more rare. Although the flavor of the iron pickup is elegant, it is not as popular as bourbon.

On the other hand, Qianjie Coffee Manor mainly grows the coffee trees of the iron pickup varieties in Yunnan, because the iron pickup coffee has its unique quiet and clean flavor, as well as balanced features, and its taste is high, so although it is not easy to grow the coffee trees of the iron pickup card varieties, Qianjie coffee still wants the Yunnan coffee tasted by coffee fans to show the best flavor.

Bourbon

It is the second species caused by the mutation of the iron pickup, and it belongs to the oldest existing variety of coffee, and the green fruit will appear bright red when it is ripe. Compared with the tin card species, the bourbon species has wider leaves and denser growth. although the seed setting is higher than the tin card, the harvest time is also 2 years, which is also a variety with less yield, but it has a high-quality taste, like the sour taste of red wine, and the aftertaste is sweet.

Katim coffee variety

Katim is a combination of Arabica and Robusta, which has good resistance to leaf rust and rich oil, high yield and easy to grow, so after crossing with Arabica, Katim has 25% of the Robusta gene, which improves resistance to leaf rust and retains rich oil. at the same time, it also has the rich taste of some tin card original species.

Yunnan coffee treatment method

According to Qianjie, up to now, Yunnan coffee beans have been treated by many methods, such as various anaerobic treatments. Although these special treatments have also created a variety of unique flavors with high identification, Qianjie coffee believes that it insists on starting from the planting area and coffee varieties, and the change in treatment is only a temporary cure rather than a permanent cure. Katim has always been Katim. Only from the source to choose the right coffee varieties with high altitude and flavor is sustainable for the long-term development of Yunnan coffee. Therefore, Qianjie coffee still insists on choosing the most primitive washing treatment and sun treatment to produce Yunnan coffee beans, so that coffee fans can drink the most primitive coffee flavor in Yunnan.

Sun treatment

Sun treatment is the oldest method of coffee bean treatment, also known as "natural drying method". Sun treatment does not require multi-high-end equipment, only a continuous sunny day to carry out the sun operation, in which exposure takes 27-30 days. Therefore, the requirements for climatic conditions are more stringent, suitable for countries in arid areas. Insolation is also a common treatment in Yunnan.

Washing treatment method

Most of the coffee beans in different producing areas of Qianjie coffee are also washed, especially Qianjie coffee rations beans, because the washed coffee beans will be cleaner and the flavor will be more thorough, which is in line with the most primitive taste of coffee fruit. therefore, Qianjie often says that the flavor of washed coffee beans is a guide light to know the flavor of a producing area. This is why Qianjie Coffee insists on using water washing to produce coffee beans.

The difference between washing coffee beans and sun-treated coffee beans

The most essential difference between the sun treatment and the water washing treatment is that the sun treatment retains the flavor of the pulp, while the water washing removes the flavor of the pulp and represents the most essential flavor of coffee beans. Can feel the obvious difference in the taste, washing is cleaner and brighter, while the sun will be rich in taste. Qianjie coffee is precisely because the washing method can reflect the most essential flavor of coffee beans, so every time Yunnan coffee beans are recommended, if the guests taste Yunnan coffee beans for the first time, Qianjie coffee will give priority to recommend washed coffee beans, which can give people a clearer understanding of the flavor characteristics of Yunnan producing areas.

The above is the relevant knowledge about Yunnan coffee organized by Qianjie Coffee. Next, Qianjie Coffee will recommend the coffee beans produced by Qianjie Yunnan Coffee Farm.

Qianjie coffee Yunnan iron pickup coffee beans

Country: China

Producing area: Lincang, Yunnan

Altitude: 1300m

Variety: iron pickup

Treatment: sun treatment

Flavor: plum, melon and fruit, brown sugar, black tea

This is the iron pickup beans planted in Lincang, Yunnan Province in Qianjie. Coffee was grown in Yunnan as early as 2013, when 99% of Yunnan was growing Katim coffee beans, but Qianjie realized that although Katim had a high yield, but the flavor was not very good, Qianjie firmly believed that in order to grow coffee beans with good flavor, it must be in a good place, good variety and good management. Therefore, Qianjie chose Arabica's ancient excellent variety Tippika Coffee, and chose the land. Qianjie was planted in Lincang near Burma, which is relatively remote, retains the environment of the original forest, and is more than 1200 meters above sea level, which meets the conditions for planting high-quality Arabica. In planting management, Qianjie also uses reasonable density planting, and fertilizer uses fertilizer accumulated by sheep dung of nearby herdsmen.

In 2020, Qianjie produced 200kg coffee beans with good flavor and taste. The output this year is expected to be even higher, welcome friends to taste.

Qianjie Coffee Yunnan small Coffee beans (rations beans)

Country: China

Producing area: Baoshan, Yunnan

Altitude: 1200m

Variety: Katim

Treatment: washing treatment

Flavor: herbs, nutty, chocolate, caramel

Yunnan small-grain coffee refers to the small-grain coffee cultivated in Yunnan. Coffee is a small evergreen tree of Rubiaceae, native to Africa. At present, small-grain coffee and medium-grain coffee are mainly cultivated as beverage plants. The small-grain coffee cultivated in Yunnan, China traditionally refers to the mixed population of bourbon variety and iron pickup variety.

Small-grain coffee is the most widely cultivated species in the genus Coffee. Because of its strong cold resistance and short-term low temperature resistance, it can grow on mountains 2100 meters above sea level in tropical areas, but it is not resistant to drought; the branches are fragile and not resistant to strong wind; the disease resistance is weak; the fruit is easy to fall off after ripening; after processing, the coffee is mellow and contains low caffeine content.

Qianjie Coffee Yunnan Sun Katim Coffee beans

Country: China

Producing area: Yunnan (Baoshan)

Altitude: 1450-1550m

Variety: Katim

Treatment: red cherry sun treatment

Flavor: caramel, dried fruit, cocoa, dark chocolate, herbs, wood

At present, most of the plants in Yunnan are Katim, which is a hybrid of Kaddura and Robsta, a branch of the bourbon line in the Arabica species. The reason for planting this variety is that Katim has the Robusta gene, so it is better than a single old variety in disease resistance, and the yield is good. Compared with the delicate old variety, the disease resistance is poor and the yield is low. Farmers naturally prefer to plant Katim. So now there has been a Katim wind in Yunnan.

On the other hand, Qianjie coffee will be roasted and brewed before each new coffee bean is put on the shelf, so as to select the best flavor curve, which is convenient for coffee fans who come to Qianjie coffee to taste in the future. next, Qianjie coffee will share the roasting and brewing data of Qianjie coffee on the beans of Huaguo Mountain in Yunnan Province.

Suggestion on roasting Yunnan Tieka Coffee in Qianjie

Generally speaking, coffee beans have a moisture content of 10.9%, so the Qianjie coffee roaster plans to put in the beans at 200 degrees in the roaster, then a big fire and a small throttle to speed up dehydration, and when the dehydration stage is over, open the stroke door and medium heat so that Maillard's reaction time is not too hasty, and the explosion will be released in 3 minutes. Temperature recovery point: 1 minute 32,92.5 degrees, turning yellow point: 5 minutes 40 degrees, 148.5 degrees, one explosion: 8 minutes 59 seconds, 188.0 degrees, development 3 minutes: 12 minutes 39 degrees 00,196 degrees.

Qianjie Coffee Yunnan Iron pickup Coffee beans hand-made suggestion

The kono conical filter cup is recommended in the front street. Coffee with a strong taste can be brewed more easily, and the aroma is more concentrated and strong.

Filter cup: V60

Water temperature: 90 ℃

Powder / water ratio: 1:15

Degree of grinding: medium and fine grinding, that is, the thickness of fine sugar (75% of the pass rate of Chinese standard No. 20 screen)

Flushing and cooking technique: segmented extraction.

Steam with 30 grams of water for 30 seconds, small flow circle injection to 124 grams, continue to inject water to 227 grams when the water level is about to be exposed to the powder bed, remove the filter cup when the water level is about to expose the powder bed, and the extraction time is 2 minutes.

Huaguoshan cooking flavor description: strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, flower fragrance, sweet melon in the middle, black tea feeling at the end.

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