The basic classification of coffee varieties? What are the common types and characteristics of coffee? The name of the classification of coffee beans

Professional coffee knowledge exchange more coffee bean information please follow the coffee workshop (Wechat official account cafe_style)

The basic classification of coffee varieties? What are the common types and characteristics of coffee? What is the name and taste of coffee beans?

Coffee beans can be divided into Arabica and Robusta.

Among the global coffee, Arabica accounts for about 70% of the total output, which has important commercial value. Arabica species spread from the Arabian Peninsula to all parts of the world, and according to the route of transmission, subspecies such as Tibica species and slope species appeared, and then many cladistic species were produced due to mutation and mating, as shown in the following table:

Arabica species have produced many branches due to mating, mutation and so on.

At present, the correct classification of varieties is still not clear, so it is difficult to define each variety.

Primary species

Original species of Ethiopia-[more than 3000 species of coffee beans fall into this category]

There are more than 3000 varieties of coffee beans grown in Ethiopia alone, and people usually choose a few of them to plant. As for the original coffee tree in Ethiopia, it is difficult to distinguish between the trees and the appearance of their leaves. Beans from the Yegashev region have a unique rich aroma and are the most advanced coffee beans in the original species of Ethiopia. The coffee beans of the original species of Ethiopia vary in size and aroma, such as Sidamo, Harrar, Jimma, Limu, Teppi and Kaffa.

Geisha species-[species with very little yield]

Geisha originated in the village of geisha in Ethiopia, then spread to Central America through Costa Rica and is now grown in small quantities in Panama, Malawi, Kenya and Guatemala.

The coffee tree of the geisha species is characterized by the wide spacing of each branch that grows from the trunk, and the raw beans belong to long beans.

Geisha coffee beans from the jade manor in Panama were named in one fell swoop in the competition, and many farms began to grow geisha species, but the production is still quite rare, while Panamanian geisha coffee is rich in aroma and strong in the residual flavor of the fruit. once you drink it, it's hard to forget.

Yemeni species-[native varieties belonging to Yemen]

The species of the phylum should be derived from Ethiopia. Because this variety of coffee tree has been planted in Yemen since ancient times, it is called the original species of Yemen. Yemeni coffee has a variety of rich aromas, including sweet and spicy fruits, as well as herbal aromas.

Sumatran species-[representative coffee beans: Manning]

Manning Coffee: Manning Coffee is produced in Sumatra, Indonesia, Asia, also known as "Sumatran Coffee". Her flavor is very rich, fragrant, bitter, mellow, with a little sweetness. But it is also an indispensable variety for blending coffee.

The Gentleman in Coffee-Sumatra Manning

Mantenin is a first-class coffee bean grown in the original Michael mountain of 750 murmur1500 above sea level, and the first-class mantenin produced by Takengon and Sidikalang is of the highest quality. Because Mantenin has an irreplaceable mellow taste, UCC Oshima Coffee, Japan's largest coffee company, partnered with PT Gunung Lintong, a famous coffee maker in Sumatra, to operate their first coffee plantation in Asia in 1995, which shows how important Mantenin is in the coffee field.

Iron card species-[trees have a longer life]

Tibica was originally grown on Martinique Island and is now mainly produced in Yamaika, Kona region of Hawaii, Papua New Guinea and East Timor. In addition, there is also a small amount of production in parts of Colombia, Cuba, Dominica and other places, but there is no sign of Tibica in Central America.

Tiebika coffee trees can grow up to 5 meters long, with mostly horizontal branches and bronze leaves. The trees themselves have a long life, and there are even coffee trees as old as 50 years old.

Tibica coffee has a supple aroma and flavor with a slightly sour taste. On the palate, you can feel its pure and delicate taste and slightly medium mellow taste. Iron cards are not usually baked to the extent of French Roast (deep baking).

The key to distinguishing coffee beans

Recently, in order to meet the needs of gourmet customers, the number of unroasted raw coffee bean stores is increasing all over the country. In the store, you can personally choose what you like from the raw coffee on display, and some stores can also bake it for you on the spot. In this way, you can taste the fried and fragrant coffee at home.

Here, I will introduce you to the names and specifications of coffee that you should pay attention to when buying coffee beans.

Representation of names and specifications

Name of ● export port

The route of transportation can be known from the name of the port of exit marked. Coffee from the same origin or the same brand has a certain route, so it is also exported from the same port. For example, if it is marked "Brazil." Santos, however, indicates that this is coffee exported from Santos, with the exception of those marked "Mocha". Some of the Yemeni coffee, after leaving the port, still use the port name of "Mocha" (Moka). In the motor). In addition, Ethiopian coffee is also known as "Haramoka".

● original species name, variety name

Only coffee produced in countries such as Arabia will be omitted, but if Arabica and Robusta seeds are shipped, they will be marked with the variety name under the country name. For example: "Camelon. Arabica "Uganda". Robusta and so on. In addition, there are signs of Mendonobo, Bloomeng and other variety names.

● Mountain name

Blue Mountain (Jamaica), Mount Jiayu (Indonesia), Mount Clarke (Costa Rica), Mount Kilimanjaro (Cuba), Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), Mawendohagen (Papua New Guinea) are all famous brands.

● grade, specification

At present, each producing country has its own independent standards. The most commonly adopted criteria are as follows:

A: washing / non-washing

B: flat beans / round beans

C: filter screen (size of coffee beans) reference Table 1

Filter number Coffee Bean size

Flat

Bean

20-29 extra large

18 big

17 quasi-big

16 ordinary

15

14 small

13-12 extra small

Circle

Bean

13-12

11 quasi-big

10 ordinary

9

8 small

C classification is adopted in most countries, such as Brazil, Colombia, Tanzania and so on. Although there may not be an absolute relationship between the size and quality of coffee beans, it can make the size of raw coffee beans the same.

D: reference table 2 for classification by elevation

Grade name abbreviated elevation

1 strict selection of good quality beans S.H.B 4500-

2 Fine Coffee beans H.B 4000 Murray 4500

3 medium coffee beans S.H 3500 Murray 4000

4 super high-grade washed coffee beans E.P.W 3000 Murray 3500

5 first-class washed coffee beans P.W 2500 Murray 3000

6 Super washed coffee beans E.G.W 2000 Murray 2500

7 High quality washed coffee beans G.W-2000

Table 2 grades are determined according to elevation

According to the elevation of the cultivated land, it can be divided into three, four, seven and other grades (different national standards). For example, Mexico and Honduras adopt three grades, while Guatemala adopts seven grades. Generally speaking, the quality of highland beans is better than that of lowland beans, and the price is higher because of the increase in freight.

E: quality Typ

The type and quantity of blends (defective beans) contained in a certain amount of samples are converted into "defective number", and a certain sum is taken as the basis for determining the type of quality. Brazil, Ethiopia, Cuba, Peru and other countries all have benchmarks for the number of defects, and the smaller the value, the better.

F: set specifications according to taste

Brazil, Haiti, Kenya, Zaire and other countries all have their own taste testing methods, which can be exported only after taste testing.

Name of ● exporter

The name of the ship, export industry, etc., that exports coffee beans.

Check the raw coffee beans by hand

It is also very important to refer to the markings of origin and specifications and touch them directly with your hands to observe their appearance and feeling. To judge the quality of raw coffee beans by their appearance, you must have a certain degree of experience, but as long as the type is certain, you will be able to handle it easily.

● color is spotless, light green and bright, for the beautiful color of coffee beans, which is also related to the harvest.

The ● shape uses coffee beans of the same size to avoid deformed beans and remove them even if there is a small amount of them.

● raw coffee beans have a unique bright green, which does not necessarily mean that they have a good taste, but can be proved to be fresh agricultural products. In addition to the original fragrance, it should also be noted that it may be contaminated with other peculiar smells (such as fermentation, mildew, medicinal smell, fishy smell, etc.).

● defective beans, such as moth-eaten coffee beans, immature, fermented, shell beans, chopped beans, etc., can be inspected by appearance.

The origin of ● coffee

Today, there are more than 100 varieties of coffee, but these more than 100 kinds of coffee are all derived from Arabica coffee, Robbda coffee and Liberian coffee, which come from different countries as follows:

Brazil

The largest coffee producer, which accounts for 1/3 of the world's coffee consumption, accounts for 1/3 of the world's coffee consumption and has a place in the global coffee market, although Brazil faces several times more natural disasters than other regions. but its acreage is enough to make up for it.

There are many kinds of coffee here, but its industrial policy is large and cheap, so there is not much premium coffee, but it is a good choice for mixing other coffees.

One of the most famous is Sandos Coffee, which tastes mellow and neutral. It can be boiled directly or mixed with other kinds of coffee beans to form a comprehensive coffee. It is also a good choice.

Other kinds of Brazilian coffee, such as Rio and Parana, can be produced in large quantities because they do not need too much care. Although the taste is rough, it is a kind of coffee with good quality and low price.

Colombia

This is the second largest coffee industry after Brazil, and is also the leader in the Columbia Maird Group (Colombia, Tanzania, Kenya). In addition, there are Asa Maird, Anwar Snow Arabica, Robusta). The more famous producing areas, such as "Medellin", "Manizares", "Bogota" and "Armenia", etc., all the coffee beans cultivated are Anicabi species, which are quite rich in taste and stable in quality and price. The fried coffee beans are even bigger and more beautiful.

From low-grade products to high-grade products can be produced, some of which are rare good goods in the world, the taste is so mellow that people can't put it down.

Mexico

This major coffee producer in Central America, the coffee here is comfortable and charming. The Mexican coffee selected are Coatepec, Huatusco and Orizaba, of which Cottpe is considered to be one of the best in the world.

Hawaii

To visit Hawaii, in addition to the beautiful beach, don't forget the Hawaiian coffee bean-Kona.

The palate is sweet with the acidity of a pleasant wine, very special. It is Kona, which is produced on the southwest coast of Hawaii, which is the most traditional and famous coffee in Hawaii.

However, because the production here is not high, the cost is surprisingly high, and the demand for individual coffee in the United States and other places is increasing, so its unit price is not only getting higher and higher, but also not easy to buy.

Indonesia

When it comes to Indonesian coffee, we must not miss the high-end Mantenin of Sumatra, which has a unique fragrant taste, slightly acidic taste and can be said to be the best in the world. In addition, Arabian coffee produced in Java is the favorite of Europeans, which is sweet in bitterness and sour in the middle of it, which lasts for a long time.

Costa Rica

The coffee beans produced at the high latitudes of Costa Rica are famous in the world, full-bodied, mild in taste, but extremely sour. The coffee beans here have been carefully processed, which is why they have high quality coffee.

The famous coffee is produced in the Central Plateau (Central Plateau), where the soil consists of successive layers of volcanic ash and dust.

Angola

This is the fourth largest coffee industry in the world, but it produces only a small amount of Arabian coffee, which is of high quality, but unfortunately, its annual output is extremely unstable due to its political upheaval.

Ethiopia

Arabian coffee is the hometown of Arabian coffee, which grows at high latitudes and needs a lot of manual care. Here is the famous Ethiopian mocha, which is sour, fragrant and productive similar to wine.

Unfortunately, some farmers still do not understand the benefits of picking fruit and allow them to fall behind and pick it up from the ground, but in recent years, due to the continuous expansion of the market, coffee industry is committed to improving harvesting and processing methods, hoping to increase production.

Jamaica

Jamaica's national treasure, Blue Mountain Coffee, is perfect in all respects, just like wine, many wineries are now bought by the Japanese.

The Japanese have bought most of the Jamaican coffee in recent years, so it is very difficult to buy it in the market. It is said that it has not been available in Britain for four years, and the spending power of Easterners is really staggering.

Kenya

Kenya grows high-quality Arabica coffee beans, which absorb almost the essence of coffee cherries and are very popular among Europeans because of their slightly sour and thick aroma. Especially in Britain, Kenyan coffee surpasses Costa Rican coffee and becomes one of the most popular coffee.

Yemen

There was a whirlwind of mocha coffee in Yemen, which blew a whirlwind around the world, but unfortunately, the good times were not very good. Under the political turmoil and unplanned planting, the production of mocha was very unstable.

Having said that, mocha is still the soul of matching other coffee beans or mixed coffee beans.

Peru

Peruvian coffee, a rising star, is gradually opening up its popularity and entering the world. It is mostly planted in high-altitude areas, the planned planting makes the yield greatly increased, the taste mellow, the right acidity, more and more people like it.

Erdi Mara

The central region of Guatemala is home to world-famous coffee with excellent flavor. Most of the coffee beans here have charcoal flavor and cocoa flavor, but their acidity is slightly stronger.