Understand the growth process of a coffee from a coffee seed to a coffee tree!

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So today, the editor will popularize science for you, the growth process of a coffee from a coffee seed to a coffee tree!

It usually takes 4 to 5 years for coffee trees to grow from seed to germination to grow into a tree and then to blossom for the first time. From the moment the seed was sown to the soil, the wonderful process began.

Seed germination period

When the coffee seeds are sown in the soil, it takes about 1 to 2 months to sprout and sprout in the shape of a goose's neck, and the head of the seedling is buried in the soil with the seeds.

Seedling growth period

After 3 months and 4 months, the shoots protruded out of the soil and began to stretch upward. At this time, the head of the sprouts also had a coffee bean seed shell, and the leaf seedlings continued to grow in the seed shell.

At 4 months, the seed shell fell off and two obvious leaves could be seen, but the shape of the initial leaf was very different from that of the coffee tree leaf, which was only the earliest leaf seedling, and the two earliest leaves would fall off after the seedling grew up.

Seedling growth period

At the age of 7-9 months, the seedlings began to grow the embryonic form of the coffee tree, and the normal-shaped coffee leaves grew out (at this time, the initial two leaves had not yet fallen).

The following picture shows a 2-year-old seedling tree (the initial 2 leaves have fallen)

When the plant height is 0. 5 pairs of 15 m true leaves can be transplanted, and the seedlings should be refined for 3 weeks before transplanting.

Fruit tree ripening period

About 4-5 years, seedlings become mature coffee trees, blossom and bear fruit for the first time.

The shape of coffee flowers of different coffee varieties is also different, flowering time does not need to be different from place of origin, about January to April each year, blooming three times, the flowers are white tubular, with a hint of jasmine fragrance.

The white flowers wither after a week and produce green fruits of coffee.

After 4 months of fullness (autumn), the green fruit turns red gradually, the pericarp begins to mature, and then it is harvested after crimson. At this time, the size, color and shape of the fruit are similar to cherries, so they become "coffee cherries". The seeds in Cherry are the coffee we usually see.

There are more than 70 species of Coffee, of which only Arabica and Robusta are mainly used for commercial purposes.

The coffee cherry picked from the coffee tree is the fruit. Like a mother, in order to protect the inner seeds, it has one protective cover after another: pulp, pectin layer, sheepskin, silver skin, coffee beans.

Coffee fruits from outside to inside are as follows:

❶ fruit

❷ pericarp (exocarp) pulp (mesocarp)

❸ pectin

❹ with shell bean

❺ sheep cortex

❻ silver (a thin layer between parchment and raw beans, including the midline)

The structure of coffee fruit:

▼ separates peel and flesh (right), with pectin and parchment raw beans (left)

The picture below ▼ shows an enlarged coffee bean with pectin, in which pectin, parchment, silver skin and raw beans are clearly distinguished.

▼ parchment (endocarp)

▼ Silver skin: silver skin is the last protective film of raw coffee beans.

Water content

Ripe fruit

60-65%

There is no dry parchment after washing

52-55% (when the surface water is just drained)

Raw coffee beans

11-12%

Fresh coffee pulp

76%

About the sun treatment

As shown in the picture above, it is the scene of the scenic spot in the sun. After the coffee cherries are picked, they begin to dry directly.

When you dry it, it looks like this:

After drying, the dried cherries remove the outer pulp and parchment to form sun-dried coffee beans. It tends to be yellowish compared to washed beans.

[sunflower kuisheng beans]: the body of the beans is smaller, yellowish in the green, and there is a great difference in particle size.

[washed Huakuisheng beans]: coffee raw bean green is grayish and the particle size is uniform.

twelve

Coffee roasting

[sun Huakui cooked beans]: the degree of baking is light, the color is light, and there is no silver skin.

[washed Huakui cooked beans]: the baking degree is slightly darker, the color is slightly darker, and there is silver residue in the middle line.

Experienced "from seed to cup" coffee journey, I believe we all feel that a coffee bean is not easy to come by, so please cherish every good cup of coffee!