A brief introduction to the History of Coffee in Yunnan-the History and Origin of Coffee in Yunnan

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Yunnan is of great significance to the spread and cultivation of coffee in China, as well as the development of the whole coffee industry in China. Together with Xiang Bang, let us stand at the new starting point of the world coffee growing belt, look back at the coffee tide in Yunnan for a century, and explore the password for the rise of Yunnan coffee.

● in the 6th century AD, legend has it that a shepherd in Ethiopia, Africa, was so excited that the sheep ate a red fruit that he discovered the coffee tree. After thousands of years of spread, from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula to Europe, and then as the great voyages and colonists planted heavily in South America and Asia, the aroma of coffee spread all over the world.

● did not pour into China until the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, when the thousand-year-old oriental countries suffered a severe impact from the western world, and the closed doors gradually opened.

At that time, many missionaries entered Yunnan from the border of Vietnam and had a profound influence. In 1904, a French missionary named Tian Deneng came to the village of Zhukula in Yunnan and built a local-style church that still stands in the center of the village and becomes a landmark.

In order to meet the demand for coffee, Father Tian planted the first Chinese mainland coffee tree outside the church, which opened the prelude to the cultivation of coffee in Yunnan for a century. Tian Godfather taught local villagers to grow coffee, drink coffee and sell coffee. From then on, the local villagers began to grow, grind and drink their own coffee, which continues to this day.

● in 1905, the first cafe in mainland China was born in Mengzi, named "Yunnan-Vietnam Railway Bar". It sells not only coffee, but also alcoholic beverages, a mixture of cafes and taverns, as well as the mainstream model of European cafes.

In 1910, the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was officially opened to traffic, and Yunnan was forced to become an open window. With the unique French style of all kinds of imports, with a row of iron and steel dragons over the mountains and mountains, coffee is gradually popular, and with the continuous extension of the Yunnan-Vietnam railway, to the whole province and the whole country.

● the Flying Tigers, founded by Chennault during World War II, has become a legendary memory over Kunming. With the arrival of the Flying Tigers, there are many cafes in the streets and alleys of Kunming, and many American coffee is sold in the high mountain shops in the middle of Nanping Street. The price is not expensive, and ordinary people can afford it. Therefore, for some old Kunming people, drinking coffee has changed from fashion to daily life.

The "Nanlaisheng" cafe opened by Vietnamese female boss Nguyen Minxuan in Kunming features freshly ground coffee. Chen Kah Kee, a patriotic overseas Chinese, used to be a regular guest here. Shen Congwen hosted Hu Shi here, and Zhou Enlai also drank coffee here. I think the taste is almost the same as when he studied in France in his youth.

Southern Yunnan is located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, which happens to be located in the coffee gold planting belt of the world. The topography is mainly mountainous and sloping land, with an elevation of 1000 Mor 2000 meters. With fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night, it has become one of the most suitable areas for the cultivation of high-quality coffee in the world.

● in the mid-1950s, Yunnan started a large-scale coffee cultivation for the supply of the Soviet Union, and was well received in the international market and was recognized as the top grade of coffee. With the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1970s, coffee farmers in Yunnan cut down a large area of coffee trees to plant other coffee trees, and the pace of development was interrupted again. It was not until 1988 that the multinational coffee giant Nestl é entered Yunnan to cultivate the coffee planting industry and restarted the industrialization of coffee in Yunnan.

After a hundred years of twists and turns, Yunnan coffee industry finally stood on the world coffee stage and accepted the attention and test of the global market when the 21st century came. Unique resource advantages and broad market prospects have also attracted the attention and support of the government. Coffee has been included in the 12th five-year Plan and has become the third largest industry in Yunnan after tobacco and tea.

● according to the statistics of Yunnan Coffee Industry Association, the planting area of coffee in the province reached 1.85 million mu in 2015, accounting for 99% of the country's total area and output. It is widely planted in Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and Lincang.

Compared with the thousand-year-old cultivation and spread of coffee in the world, the hundred-year history of coffee introduction and the industrialization of Yunnan coffee in the past 30 years is not long, but more like a new life in its infancy.

The rapid expansion of scale and production capacity also brings a series of problems: land conflict, lack of exchange and guidance of planting technology, single production and management model, lack of industrial standards, lack of exchange of global professional technology and experience, lack of influential local high-quality brands, and so on. All these will become obstacles and hidden worries on the future development of Yunnan coffee industry.

In this era of global coffee trade, Yunnan, like many regions in the world coffee belt, can not get rid of the fate of the raw material base of multinational corporations such as Nestle and Starbucks, or is it rising with its strong and vigorous vitality? become the new pole of coffee in the world? This is a proposition worthy of joint consideration by the whole industry, and it is also an arduous cause that requires the local government and every local enterprise to persevere, explore and make efforts.

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