Introduction to the main taste characteristics of Yunnan small-grain coffee beans grown in Yunnan

Yunnan coffee is also known as Yunnan small grain coffee. at present, most Yunnan coffee on the market is Katim. There are three kinds of Yunnan coffee in front street, one is washed Yunnan small grain coffee, the other is sun-dried Yunnan Katim coffee, and the other is sun-dried Qianjie 2013 iron truck coffee. Yunnan coffee, as the Chinese people's own coffee, has slowly entered the cafe. And more and more people understand coffee, more are the pursuit of high-quality coffee, to understand a coffee has to start from the origin, coffee variety, treatment, so that you can better choose your favorite coffee.

Yunnan is not only the largest producer of coffee in China, but also the golden area of coffee cultivation. The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, most of which are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is mainly mountainous and sloping, with large undulation, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. Qianjie believes that it is precisely because of these unique natural conditions that the flavor of Yunnan small-grain coffee is formed: it has the characteristics of rich and mellow flavor, mellow but not strong flavor, mellow taste and sour fruit taste.

Yunnan coffee bean varieties

Yunnan has become the world of Arabica coffee because of its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions. Arabica coffee is also called small-grain coffee because of its small particles. Yunnan small grain coffee is strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, with a little fruity unique flavor, mainly including tin card, bourbon and Katim. Typica and Bourbon, two classic high-quality coffee varieties, are the main coffee varieties in Yunnan. In 1991, a series of Catimor varieties (stronger anti-virus ability and higher yield) were introduced from Kenya, which is a variety of Arabica varieties (also called small grain varieties). Because the morphology and habits of the two varieties are similar, the two varieties are mostly mixed.

At present, catimor is the most widely planted in Yunnan, and a small amount of typica and bourbon are planted in Baoshan. Although they all belong to Arabica species on a large scale, these varieties are very different in nature.

Iron pickup (typica)

The most classic high-quality Arabica species, many commercial improved varieties are derived from this variety. It has excellent taste and is recognized as a boutique coffee variety, but its yield is very low and it is vulnerable to rust, so more manpower management is needed. Tieka Coffee, native to Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan, is the most widely cultivated variety of coffee in the Western Hemisphere. The plant is stronger, but not light-tolerant, and the yield is higher in Hawaii. The top leaf of the iron pickup is red copper, which is called red top coffee.

Katim.

At present, most of the coffee varieties grown in Yunnan are Katim, because the coffee trees of iron card varieties are vulnerable to coffee leaf rust, which leads to their low yield. So local farmers cut down the elegant variety of iron pickup and switched to Katim, which is more productive and resistant to coffee leaf rust.

In Han Huaizong's introduction to coffee producing areas in China in his book Fine Coffee, it is mentioned that in 1998, more than 90% of Yunnan coffee varieties were Katim.

Katim is a new hybrid of Timor and Kaddura developed by the Portuguese coffee leaf rust research center CIFC in 1959. The Katim variety is characterized by high yield, short plant, close planting and good disease resistance. However, because the Katim variety carries the Robusta gene, its bitterness and fishy smell are more obvious than those of Arabica purebred, and have a slight disadvantage in cleanliness, fruit charm and richness. Robusta species has good resistance to leaf rust and rich oil, high yield and easy to grow. After crossing with Arabica tin card, Katim has 25% Robusta gene, which improves leaf rust resistance and retains rich grease. At the same time, it also has the rich taste of some tin tin card native species, so most Yunnan manors begin to plant Katim on a large scale. The planting range of iron pickups began to shrink.

The washing of Qianjie Coffee Yunnan small Grain Coffee is a Katim variety.

Bourbon

When Professor Ma Xijin investigated the ancient varieties of coffee in Yunnan in 1981, he found that in the ancient coffee forest near chocolate, 31% were iron cards with red tops and 69% were bourbon with green tops. Some experts believe that Father Tian brought to Zhugula village not only iron card species, but also bourbon species. Bourbon, like Ironka, is also an ancient and excellent variety of coffee. At present, the output of bourbon coffee in Yunnan is less than that of iron pickup.

Rosa, Kaddura, Kaduai

In the past 10 years, the cultivation of coffee in Yunnan has been developing continuously, including the introduction of foreign varieties for research. Rosy summer is naturally also in the ranks. In the 2016 Yunnan Bean Competition, a Yunnan rose summer played for the first time, but it was defeated by the "ground Snake", which has been rooted for many years, ranking only more than 30 out of 120 coffee beans.

Some experts believe that great changes have taken place in the climate when Rose Xia was transplanted from Panama to Yunnan, and it is certain that it is not acclimatized without enough years of domestication. And the elevation of coffee grown in Yunnan is generally not high, about 1100 meters, coupled with the level of planting management can not keep up with, the flavor of Rosa coffee is not satisfactory. By 2020, the first batch of roses in Yunnan will be available to the mass market in a limited form. Rose summer coffee requires high altitude, shade trees and so on. The climate of Panama is very suitable for growing rose summer coffee. Other places grow rose summer coffee without the flavor of Panama rose summer.

Yunnan coffee producing area

Pu'er, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong, Lincang and other places in the south and west of Yunnan are the distribution areas of small-grain coffee in Yunnan.

Baoshan

Baoshan, Yunnan is located in the low-latitude plateau, known as "one mountain is divided into four seasons, ten miles of different days," said, such a climate can be said to be very suitable for growing coffee beans. The output of coffee in Yunnan Province has reached 136000 tons, accounting for more than 95% of the national coffee output, and the export volume ranks the highest in the country, at 60700 tons. Baoshan area has a long history of growing coffee, which is recognized as the "best small-grain coffee producing area" and one of the coffee producing areas with good coffee quality in the country and even in the world. Most of them also grow Katim varieties.

The Yunnan small grains of coffee washed in front of the street comes from Baoshan.

Pu 'er Tea

All the varieties planted in Pu'er are catimor (Katim). As early as the 1950s, typica and bourbon were introduced in Baoshan City, and the locals called them "old varieties". Because the old varieties have low disease and insect resistance and yield, and the management is relatively expensive and manpower, coupled with the market purchase price does not have many advantages, brown farmers have changed to a new variety catimor in recent years. From the botanical point of view of coffee, Yunnan small-grain coffee is genetically similar to the recognized best blue mountains in Jamaica (Jamaica Blue Mountain) and Kona in Hawaii.

Lincang

Located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, the Tropic of Cancer runs through the south, Pu'er to the east, Dali to the north, Baoshan to the west, and Myanmar to the southwest. It is a bright pearl in the southwest of the motherland because it is close to the Lancang River. The annual average temperature in Lincang is between 16.8 ℃ and 17.2℃. The dry and wet season is obvious and the sunshine is sufficient.

Qianjie Coffee has set up its own manor in Lincang, Yunnan Province. Then, before 2021, Street Coffee produced the first home-grown coffee bean-Qianjie 2013 Iron pickup Coffee. Qianjie Coffee took a fancy to this "green pearl on the border". In the early days of its establishment, Qianjie Coffee set up its own coffee farm in Lincang, one of the main coffee producing areas in Yunnan. growing the oldest Arabica variety-iron pickup.

Yunnan coffee bean treatment method

Due to the perennial rainy season and unstable climate, most coffee beans in Yunnan are treated with water washing. But there are also sun-treated coffee beans. Katim on the front street has water to wash Yunnan small grains of coffee and suntan Katim coffee, and of course, there is iron pickup coffee in the front street of our Qianjie coffee farm on 2013.

Suggestions for making coffee in front of the street:

For the brewing of coffee, Qianjie has always believed that the freshness of coffee beans is an important link that affects the flavor of coffee. The coffee beans shipped in Qianjie are all roasted within 5 days, because Qianjie is well aware that the freshness of coffee beans has a great impact on the flavor. The purpose of Qianjie roasting is "freshly roasted coffee", so that every guest who places an order is the freshest coffee when he receives it. The bean cultivation period of coffee is about 4-7 days, so when the guest gets it, it is the time when the flavor is the best.

Of course, there are also some customers who need help grinding powder in front of the street, which does not matter, but Qianjie should be warned: if the coffee beans are ground in advance, there is no need to raise beans. Because in the process of transportation, the pressure caused by carbon dioxide in the package can also make the coffee flavor mellow, so the coffee powder can be brewed as soon as it is received. But the coffee powder needs to be brewed in time, because the coffee powder oxidizes more quickly after contact with the air, that is to say, the flavor of the coffee will dissipate more quickly, so the flavor of the coffee is not so good. Therefore, Qianjie suggests buying whole beans, grinding and flushing now, so that we can better taste the flavor of coffee.

Parameters for brewing Yunnan coffee in Qianjie:

Qianjie believes that the flavor of Yunnan coffee is relatively moderate, that is, it is both sweet and sour, so it chooses moderate roasting to highlight the chocolate aroma while retaining some of the acidity. From the cup test in Qianjie, Yunnan small grain grain beans show the aroma of nuts and herbs, the sweetness of brown sugar, and the acidity of plums, with a balanced taste. Sun Qianjie 2013 has a higher melon sweetness, black tea-like mellow, with chocolate thick, the overall flavor is clear, the aftertaste is clean.

Based on the balanced neutralization of Yunnan coffee, the moderate water temperature of 88 degrees Celsius is adopted in Qianjie. If the water temperature is too high, it is easy to produce bitter flavor, and if the water temperature is too low, it is easy to underextract. Compared with other conical cup, V60 filter cup has a larger diameter outlet, connecting the top and bottom of the spiral flow guide ribs, water vapor can be discharged more easily in the extraction process, thus improving the flavor level.

[Qianjie 2013Sun Iron pickup Coffee] has a thick, sour and sweet taste, with citrus and berry flavors, with a hint of fermented wine, caramel sweetness, creamy finish, black tea.

[Qianjie washed Yunnan small grain coffee flavor] herbs, nutty, chocolate, caramel.

[Qianjie Yunnan Sunshine Katim Coffee] performance: nuts, chocolate, spices, caramel, plums.

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