What are the environmental and climatic requirements of coffee trees? What are the types of coffee trees?

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What is a coffee tree?

Coffee tree is a shrub or small tree of Rubiaceae; leaves are opposite, leathery, long ovate; every March, the branches will appear white flowers, petals spirally arranged, the heart of the flowers jump around the petals, take a closer look, it is really like a small windmill playing in childhood, emitting the fragrance of jasmine flowers; the fruit is oval, berry, crimson, containing two seeds, that is, we are familiar with coffee beans. The first flowering period of the white flower red fruit coffee tree is about three years old. the five-petal tube-shaped white flowers are filled with a faint fragrance of jasmine and the inflorescences are arranged in dense clusters.

Flowers wither after two or three days of blooming and begin to bear fruit after a few months. The fruit is a drupe with a diameter of about 1.5cm. It turns green at first, then turns yellow gradually, and turns red when ripe. It is very similar to cherries, so it is called cherry coffee (Coffee Cherry). It can be harvested at this time.

What are the growth environment requirements of coffee trees?

Coffee trees like mild temperatures during the day and less than two hours of direct sunshine

So if there is a lack of afternoon showers or fog to check in every day, local farmers will have to plant many taller trees in the coffee garden for shade. At night, they want an environment of about ten degrees Celsius but not too low, because too warm will make the coffee berries grow too fast to produce small, strong, hard and high-quality coffee beans; in case it is too cold to frost, the coffee trees will freeze to death.

Based on these characteristics, the promised land suitable for Arabica coffee is mostly located in countries with alpine terrain between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, which is also known as the coffee belt.

The ideal planting conditions for coffee trees are as follows: the temperature is between 15 ℃ and 25 mm, and the annual rainfall must reach 1500 mm, and the rainfall time should be in line with the flowering cycle of coffee trees. Of course, in addition to the seasonal rainfall, there should also be fertile soil and good drainage. Fertile soil containing volcanic ash, in addition, although sunlight is an indispensable element for the growth and fruit of coffee, too strong sunlight will inhibit the growth of coffee trees, so various producing areas usually cooperate with the planting of some shade trees. As for the ideal altitude, the altitude is 500 Muhami 2000 meters.

Types of coffee trees

1 Arabica species Coffea Arabica

The shape of the bean is small, the front is long oval, the middle crack is narrow and tortuous, and the arc on the back of the bean is flat.

Iron pickup (Typica):

All Arabica, the oldest native variety in Ethiopia, are derived from Tibica. The top leaf of Tiebika is bronzed and the bean body is oval or thin in shape; the flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor and the fruit yield is less.

Bourbon:

After the early (prehistoric coffee) Tibika was transplanted to Yemen, the bean shape changed from thin and pointed to round body.

2 Robusta species Coffea Robusta Linden

The bean shape is larger, the front is gradually round, the back is round and convex, and the crack is straight.

3 Liberian species coffea liberica

The Liberian species, the large-grained species, is native to Liberia in Africa, as well as a few countries such as Malaysia.

4 Ethel sa species Coffea excelsa

Ethel sa is a variety discovered in 1904, which is native to the Charlie River Basin in Africa, with small fruit and high yield per plant, especially a drought-resistant variety. The product has a strong flavor, slightly bitter taste and less cultivation.

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