Distinguishing different flavors of coffee beans what is the unique taste of coffee beans from all over the world

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Now walking into a coffee shop, you can see not only cappuccino, latte, mocha and other coffee, but also coffee from different countries. People who are in initial contact with boutique coffee know something about it, and it is easy to order.

So if you haven't come into contact with boutique coffee, how can you choose a coffee that suits you from these dazzling national place names? Let's popularize science today:

Characteristics of boutique (individual) coffee beans:

1. Boutique coffee beans must be high-quality beans with flawless beans. It should have an outstanding flavor, not "no bad taste", but "taste particularly good".

two。 High-quality coffee beans must be excellent varieties, and the coffee beans produced have unique aroma and flavor, which is far from that of other tree species, but the relative yield is low. in recent years, in order to pursue the ability to resist diseases and insect pests and improve the yield, there are many improved tree species, such as Kenya to promote a large number of high-yield rurial11 species, but the taste and quality are greatly reduced, of course, it can not be called "boutique coffee".

3. The growth environment of boutique coffee beans also has higher requirements. Generally grow at an altitude of 1100 meters or even more than 1500 meters above sea level, with appropriate precipitation, sunshine, temperature and soil conditions. Some world-famous coffee beans also have a special geographical environment, such as the alpine clouds in the Blue Mountains, the free shade provided by Kona's afternoon "Flying Cloud", and the volcanic ash soil in Antigua, which provide conditions for the growth of boutique coffee.

4. The best way to harvest high-quality coffee beans is to harvest them manually. That is, only mature coffee fruits are picked to prevent coffee fruits with inconsistent maturity from being picked at the same time. Because those unripe and overripe fruits will affect the balance and stability of coffee taste, boutique coffee needs to be picked frequently and carefully during harvest.

5. Fine coffee beans are treated in a refined way. Careful washing and sun exposure, and the processing of all kinds of delicate raw beans give the coffee a "layered", "sour", "sweet" and "sweet" flavor.

6. Boutique coffee has a strict grading system. Go through a strict grading process to ensure the uniformity of quality. And the protection in the process of storage and transportation is very important, such as the control of temperature and humidity, ventilation control, avoiding odor adsorption and so on. If these are not done well, then no matter how high-grade beans become, they will no longer be fine.

The producing areas of coffee beans are mainly divided into Africa, Central and South America and Asia.

Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, so the zone between 25 degrees north and south latitudes is the most suitable for growing coffee. This coffee production zone is generally referred to as "coffee belt" or "coffee area". The ideal planting conditions of coffee trees are as follows: the temperature is between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃, and the annual rainfall must reach 1500mm~2000mm. At the same time, the rainfall time should be matched with the flowering cycle of coffee trees.

Of course, in addition to the coordination of seasons and rainfall, there should also be fertile soil. The most suitable soil for growing coffee should be fertile soil that is well drained and contains volcanic ash.

As for the ideal altitude of 1000m~2000m, it can be seen that the conditions for the cultivation of high-quality coffee are quite strict: sunlight, rainfall, soil, air temperature, as well as the way coffee beans are harvested and the production process will affect the quality of coffee itself.

African coffee

Flavor characteristics: charming acidity

African bean flavor: Ethiopian coffee has a strong orange flavor, while Kenya coffee has strong raspberry aromas, sour aromas of black plum juice and grapefruit, and sweet sugarcane aromas. The orange aroma of Ethiopian coffee and the raspberry flavor of Kenyan coffee are the most important features of African beans, and they are also the most attractive to coffee fans.

African coffee is generally characterized by strong aroma and charming acidity, its sour brightness is lively and exhilarating, but the mellow African coffee is often slightly thin and the sweetness is not very prominent. African coffee due to drought and lack of water, mostly use the sun method to deal with raw beans, the bean shape is often uneven and beautiful, and the defect rate is high.

Representative:

Kenya Kenya

Kenya grows high-quality Arabica coffee beans, which almost absorb the essence of coffee cherries, with a slightly sour, thick aroma, is very popular among Europeans, especially in Britain, Kenyan coffee surpasses Costa Rican coffee and becomes one of the most popular coffee.

Kenyan AA coffee is the best coffee in Africa, with a thick and full texture, slightly acidic, smooth taste and slightly alcoholic aroma. AA represents the highest grade coffee beans in Kenya. Kenyan coffee is grown mainly by two types: large farms and cooperatives. The former generally has a large planting area and has independent coffee processing facilities. Most coffee production is done by a large number of small farmers, who form coffee cooperatives. Caffeine in different producing areas has its own subtle flavor due to the difference of microclimate, with rich aroma, bright and dynamic acidity, full and elegant mellow and berry flavor as a whole.

Breed: Kenya [SL28] and [SL34] (bourbon line) were created by Scott Laboratories in 1930, referred to as SL for short. Agronomists wanted to find a kind of bourbon with high yield and resistance to diseases and insect pests. Through experiments, they obtained SL28, Kenya's high concentration of phosphate soil, which gave birth to the special sour aroma of Kenya beans and drank the charming sour plum flavor.

[Kenya AA] (water wash shallow dry)-angular strong fruit acid, and this Kenya, let me feel gentle, like facing the sea, the feeling of breeze blowing. Unlike Kenya, which used to be berry-based, this time it has a delicate red wine with sour fruit, cherry sweetness, BlackBerry lips and teeth, and a tail of black plum and sugar. Ice droplets are nice!

Ethiopia

Ethiopia is an agricultural country with a history and tradition of coffee origin. Yega Chuefei is one of the producing areas south of Sidamo, with about 12 million people engaged in coffee production and is a major exporter of Arabica coffee beans in Africa. The high-quality coffee here is of excellent quality and is worth looking for. It has a soft taste, with wild flavor of wine, and slightly sour taste, unforgettable after drinking.

Why are Ethiopian coffee beans always big and small? Why are Essel's coffee beans always big and small? Is there any difference in taste? | Coffee workshop study room

If you are very fond of African beans, it should be easy to find that Ethiopian beans are generally of different sizes and have significantly lower evenness than Kenya. Whether it is Yega Xuefei or Sidamo, whether it is washing or sunlight, sometimes the same batch of coffee beans can be seen to be significantly different in baking color and particle size. Nearly 2000 coffee varieties have been recorded in Ethiopia, including 1927 native varieties and 128 imported varieties. So just by looking at the appearance, Esther's coffee variety is "Grand View Garden", which has everything, long, short, thin, fat.

Yejaschuffe itself is a small town of about 20, 000 people, and the three neighboring producing areas, Wenago, Kochere and Gelena Abaya, are also classified as Yejasuffe because they produce coffee with almost the same flavor as Yejasuffe. Yejacheffe is similar to the neighboring Sidamo in terms of culture and geography, but it seems to be more favored to enjoy the advantageous conditions, top-quality Yega Chefe coffee with floral aromas, bright citrus acidity, lemon flavours and silky taste.

[the difference between washing and sunbathing] tasting | what is the difference in the taste between washed and sunburned Yega Chuefei?

Raw beans: generally, washed raw beans are turquoise, and sun-washed raw beans are yellowish green.

Cooked beans: there is more silver skin washed in water and less in the sun.

[Ethiopia Yega Chuefei aricha] (light sun baking)-light fermented wine, sweet orange, spices, honey sweet, Aricha processing plant Sunshine Ariga is the highest grade of G1 rated by ECX, from raw bean appearance, consistency, freshness to dry aroma and flavor are excellent.

[Ethiopia Yaye Schiffen Wauka] (slightly roasted by water washing)-lemon, kumquat and white grape juice, the Waka Cooperative joins the famous Yejia Sheffield Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union to produce the highest grade G1 of high-quality water washing Ethiopia.

Sidamo

Sidamo grows in the southernmost Ethiopian plateau between 4600 and 7200 feet above sea level (Sidamo province). It is a famous boutique coffee area in southern Ethiopia, bordering Kenya, southeast of Gemma, just south of the capital, usually sweet and loved by most people. its annual output is about 225000 bags / 60kg, with small beans and gray in green. in the sun drying field of Sidamo, coffee is placed in a hemp net wooden frame. Workers take turns in the sun exposure, manually stir coffee, sun Sidamo is usually marked with G4 exit, washing Sidamo because the treatment process is more perfect, so most of them are exported at G2 level.

Natural solarization (African drying bed):

Spread the coffee fruit directly on the cement floor or on the drying rack in order to make the coffee dry and easy to store. It usually depends on the weather, and the drying time is about 2-4 weeks.

Coffee usually used for commercial purposes will be dried on the cement floor. Keep rolling the coffee fruit in time so that the back of the coffee is heated evenly, which is good for drying, and at the same time, it also avoids mildew caused by the bottom touching the ground for too long.

Hand-selected fruits and coffee beans used to make boutique products are treated in the sun with African Bed (African drying bed). Coffee fruits are sunbathed on transparent beds with mesh, and the thickness of the shelves varies according to local conditions.

[Sidamo Lion King] (slightly baked in the sun)-rich aromas of berries, flowers, grapes, a variety of tropical fruits, obvious floral, lemon and citrus flavors, lime-like acidity, peach aromas when cold

Central and South America

Characteristics of taste: balanced, moderate acidity and mellow taste

The flavor of Central and South American beans: generally speaking, the flavor is relatively regular. Among them, the Brazilian coffee is soft and sweet, while the Costa Rican coffee is gentle and supple, with a blend of sour, sweet and chocolate aromas.

The overall flavor of Latin American coffee is famous for its balance, and all the flavors in Latin American coffee can be found in Latin American coffee. The widespread use of wet treatment of raw beans is also one of the characteristics of Latin American coffee, good processing also makes its beans larger and more uniform than African coffee, and the defect rate is lower.

[representative]:

Colombia

Colombia is one of the largest producers of high-quality coffee in the world, a bright pearl in the world coffee map and a coffee land blessed by God. Arabica coffee is grown on steep slopes 800 to 1900 meters above sea level and is hand-picked and washed.

Colombian coffee has a balanced flavor and a smooth taste, just like a gentleman in coffee. He has a wide range of producing areas, such as Medellin, Armenia and Manizales, which are commonly referred to as "MAM".

Colombia's boutique bean producing areas are mainly in the south, more than 1500 meters above sea level, including San Augustin, Huila in Huilan province, Popayan, Cauca in Cauca province, Nari ñ o province, and Tolima province, all of which have delicate sour and raspberry aromas, caramel aromas and full sweetness.

[Cauca Cauca] is a certified coffee producing area in Colombia, with an average altitude of 1758m-2100m. 80% of Cauca province is mountainous. The soil in the producing area has adequate nutrition for coffee growth. Low temperature at night and relatively high altitude slow down the growth of coffee. Coffee in Cauca producing areas has high acidity and commendable sweetness.

[Colombia] (deep roasting in washing)-sucrose, clean, medium mellow thickness, the coffee is treated in the traditional way: the coffee cherries are picked by hand, and then the coffee fruits are washed with traditional water treatment. The treated coffee beans are placed in a scaffolding to dry in the sun. We use medium-baked beans with mild plum acidity and well-balanced nuts, caramel and clean taste.

El Salvador

El Salvador coffee is also extremely high quality, and unique flavor: a strong sense of balance, fresh and lively, mild taste, sweet and pleasant, can be described as "pure natural flavor". This is because of the fertile soil, suitable altitude, good climate, intergenerational planting techniques and tree species with fine pedigree.

[El Pacamara] (moderately roasted with water)-nut chocolate, passion fruit, cream, strawberries, the national average is high above sea level, such a geographical environment is very conducive to the growth of coffee, farmers use the traditional way of planting: almost 100% shade planting. Pacamara is the artificial breeding variety of Pacas and Maragogipe, and Pacamara is a rare excellent variety under artificial breeding.

Maragogype elephant bean: a mutant of Typica, first discovered in Brazil in 1870. The fruit is large, long and a little twisted, and the plant has long internodes and large leaves. The output is relatively low.

Pacas Pacas: the bourbon variety found in El Salvador. In 1935, the Salvadoran coffee farmer "Don Alberto Pacas" selected a high-production San Ramon bourbon variety to be planted on a farm. In 1956, his coffee tree produced more fruit than the same kind of coffee tree. Professor "Dr. William Cogwill" of the University of Florida identified this as a genetic mutation in bourbon and named it "Pacas". Pacas is very popular in China and the United States because of its high output and good quality.

Guatemala

Taste characteristics: bitter and fragrant, good taste.

Guatemala is a coffee producing area that can not be ignored, and it is a typical representative of coffee flavor diversity. SHB (hardest bean) in Guatemala is almost a well-known synonym for high-quality coffee. This is because there are more than 300 kinds of microclimate, high mountains, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, huge volcanic lake, Mexican plain. And rich geographical and climatic resources.

Slightly sour, mellow and smooth, it is the best material for mixed coffee. The classification is divided into seven grades according to the elevation. The higher the origin, the more mellow the coffee beans are, while the coffee beans from the lower areas are of lower quality.

Altitude level: like many other Central American countries, Guatemala has its own altitude level for coffee growth. The higher the altitude, the slower the growth and maturity. Therefore, the higher the density of raw beans, the higher the quality.

Prime: 750m ~ 900m above sea level

Extra Prime: 900m ~ 1050 m above sea level

Semi Hard Bean: plant 1050 m ~ 1220 m above sea level

Hard Bean (HB): 1220 m ~ 1300 m above sea level

Strictly Hard Bean (SHB): planted more than 1300 meters above sea level

[Guatemala]-the nutrient-rich pozzolanic soil, high altitude and relatively low average temperature give the coffee here a clean sweet taste and bright acidity. The soil of Atitlan is rich in organic matter, and what impresses me most is the juicy taste of longan, which is very soft and smooth, which is very different from other smoky taste of Guatemala.

Bolivia

The unique tropical rain forest environment in some parts of Bolivia provides excellent natural conditions for the growth of organic coffee. The aroma of Bolivian coffee is rich and unique, both after the bean is ground and the aroma of the coffee is quite rich, similar to the mixture of flower and fruit aromas, the perfect nutty flavor is impressive.

[Lake Titicaca, Bolivia] (moderately roasted in water)-dry aromas of roasted nuts and almonds, soft acidity of oranges and white grapefruit on the palate, sweet caramel as a whole, smooth texture of nut milk, cleanliness and balance, and attractive herbal aromas.

Variety: iron pickup, one of the oldest native varieties, all Arabica are derived from Tibica. The top leaf of Tiebika is bronzed and the bean body is oval or thin in shape; the flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor and the fruit yield is less. Excellent manor beans such as the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, Manning of Sumatra and Kona of Hawaii all belong to Tibika.

Panama

Panamanian caffeine is famous in the world, and the reason is that it is closely related to Panama's unique physical and geographical conditions. An important reason for the unique quality of Panamanian coffee is its microclimate. Bordering Costa Rica and Colombia, Panama's east-west environment allows cold air to flow through the Central Mountains and converge above 6500 feet, creating a very unique microclimate in the Boquete and Vol á n Candela regions, making it a major producer of Panamanian coffee. The land around this area is rich in nutrients, and these fertile soils provide perfect conditions for the growth of coffee, creating a large number of unique, high-quality coffee.

[Boquete Pocket] this is the Panamanian region we are most familiar with. The special mountainous terrain of this area forms a microclimate which is very suitable for growing coffee. Varieties: Tibica, Kaddura, Kaduai, bourbon, Rose Summer, [Flower Butterfly] contains 40% roses in summer, a bean with high cost-effectiveness, classic rose and fruit flavor, moderate curry body, smooth taste, delicate acidity, well-balanced taste, coupled with subtle flavors such as caramel, chocolate, citrus and jasmine.

Costa Rica

The coffee beans produced in the high latitudes of Costa Rica are famous in the world, full-bodied, mild in taste, but extremely sour. The coffee beans here are carefully processed, which is why there is high-quality coffee. Costa Rica, located in the south of SanJos é, the capital of Talasu, is one of the most important coffee growers in the country. There are eight Costa rica producing areas, of which Tarazu, the Central Valley and the Western Valley are recognized as the three best producing areas. [Lajas] (Las Lajas) is located in the foothills of Sabanilla de Alajuela and Poas Volcano in the Central Valley.

[Costa Ricarta Carnett Manor] (deeply baked in washing)-soft orange notes, toast, caramel cocoa sweet, Carnett Manor, located in Costa Rica, the highest growing area of Tarrazu coffee, this area is the densest fruit growing area in Costa Rica. The owner of the manor mainly grows passion fruit, while the amount of coffee is very small, only in a special area.

[Raisin Honey Process]: raisin treatment, first drying the coffee fruit in the state of raisins, and then peeling honey for fermentation, the flavor of fermentation will be stronger, and the pectin storage is higher than other honey treatments, which is claimed to be 100% pectin honey treatment really has raisin flavor. This is a very sweet treatment, with the taste of white wine and balanced acidity, the flavor of fermentation will be more intense, and the pectin storage is higher than other honey treatment, a bit like "expensive rotten wine" sweet wine, honey, preserved apricot, raisins, peach and other flavors.

Asian coffee

Characteristics of taste: deep flavor and strong taste

Asian beans and island flavor: mellow thickness is higher than Central and South American beans and African beans, but the sour taste is lower, the flavor is slightly sunken wood, herbs, spices and soil, and the low stuffy aroma is higher than the rising sour flavor. Island beans are relatively light and gentle, with a light and elegant tone.

When it comes to Asian coffee, the first impression of coffee lovers is often calm and calm. It is precisely because of the heavy nature of Asian coffee that it is very suitable to be used as a base when making Italian coffee. The raw coffee beans in Asia are generally processed by wet or semi-wet process. most of the raw beans are uniform, but the color of the beans treated by semi-wet method is darker. Asian coffee is generally characterized by thick flavor, strong sweetness and round taste, but slightly flat aroma and brightness.

Indonesia

Coffee cultivation in Mantenin, Sumatra, began in the 18th century, when it was planted near Aceh province on the north side of Lake Tawar. For a few days, most of the Sumatran coffee area is located in the south of Lindong, Subu and Takengon coffee. Because there is little difference between planting areas, Sumatran coffee is not distinguished by the producing area, but the way it is picked and processed has a great influence on the flavor of the coffee. The famous "Golden Manning" is an excellent product after the Japanese strictly control these programs.

Manning is one of the most suitable coffee beans for deep roasting in the world. One of the famous reasons is that its own characteristics do not disappear after deep roasting. Mantenin's thick flavor and low acidity make it very popular in Asia. In fact, the high quality mantenin is also very suitable for medium and shallow baking, which can show a good fruit flavor at this degree of baking.

[Mantenin, Sumatra, Indonesia] (deep baking in the traditional wet planing method)-baked toast, nuts, pine, caramel, herbs, Lake dopa in Sumatra Province and Lake Tawa in Aceh all produce manning coffee. This is the famous "two lakes Shuangman".

The aroma of Golden Manning Coffee is rich and full-bodied, with clear high-quality acidity, high balance, and sometimes nutty flavor. In terms of appearance and quality, Java coffee is excellent, just like a woman's vaguely charming, charming and just right, memorable.

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is an anomaly in Indonesian coffee. Coffee estates are numerous, large and small in scale, and most of the small estates produce washed organic beans with strong flavor but no local flavor. These small estates also produce a small amount of sun beans, which are more varied and delicate than water-washed beans; the taste of large manor coffee is more clean and delicate, but some people think that it has less personality. Basically, Babu coffee is lighter than java beans, somewhat similar to good Central American beans. Most of the coffee trees in the area come from the Tibica seed of the Jamaican Arabica bean, mixed with Tanshania Tibica's Arushi beans.

[Papua New Guinea Bird of Paradise] (moderately baked in water)-nuts, sugar, low acid and solid, from Papua New Guinea, Oceania, famous farm Sigri Estate, beautiful national bird of Papua New Guinea on sacks, Paradise Bird, known as "Little Blue Mountain", [tin card] species, balanced and full-bodied, overall balanced, elegant, clean and smooth, nuts with fruit aroma

Yunnan

Small-grain coffee is suitable for growing in the mountains at an altitude of 800 to 1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, it will taste sour, and if it is too low, it will taste bitter. Small grains of coffee are mostly planted in dry and hot valleys about 1100 meters above sea level, so they are moderately sour, rich and mellow. There is a unique environment suitable for the growth of small seed coffee in many areas of Yunnan, and the quality of small seed coffee is excellent.

The planting areas are mainly distributed in Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dejuji and other prefectures. The average temperature of Baoshan is 21.5℃, and the highest is 40.4℃, which is basically frost-free all the year round. It is recognized as the best producing area of small-grain coffee. The small-grain coffee cultivated here is famous at home and abroad for its strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, well-proportioned small noodles, mellow and fruity. International Coffee Organization tasting experts evaluate Yunnan coffee as the highest quality coffee in the world, such as Colombian wet-processed small-grain coffee.

Palate: supple in the mouth, aroma of Asian herbs, lively and bright sour taste, good balance between cheeks, soft acidity, mellow balance, rich layers, obvious taste of dark chocolate, honey and sucrose, brown sugar flavor after complete cooling.

Coffee beans purchase technology, how to buy baked beans?

1. What kind of coffee utensils are used to make coffee? To make coffee, first of all, you have to have a coffee maker or coffee pot.

It's best to tell the clerk what kind of coffee brewing method you use. In this way, the shop assistant can recommend suitable coffee beans for you. In addition, you may also be able to share your experience with the shop assistant.

two。 I like the taste of coffee.

Describe to the clerk what kind of coffee you like. There is no need to be as professional and relaxed as a professional coffee review, such as something stronger or sour, so that the clerk can recommend the most suitable coffee to you according to the taste characteristics of your own coffee.

3. Know the flavor of coffee beans before you buy them.

Although the coffee bean itself will have obvious regional characteristics, but in the roasting process, the roaster may adjust according to his own understanding of the taste of coffee, and finally get the taste of the same coffee can show a variety of features. Before you buy, know the flavor of the coffee beans, so that you can understand why the same coffee beans bought in different places taste different.

4. Learn to ask the roasting date of coffee beans.

As a food, coffee beans naturally have indicators such as "shelf life". Coffee beans are similar to seafood, the fresher the better. The indicator of freshness is the "baking date". It is recommended to buy coffee beans with a roasting date of less than two weeks. Because different coffee beans, different roasting degree will affect the drinking period. For example, medium and deep roasted coffee beans, because of the heavy smell of smoke and fire, it is best to wait until roasted for seven days before drinking, while the best flavor is after two weeks, while lightly roasted coffee beans can be drunk two or three days after baking, and the best flavor is after a week. You can drink the variety of bean flavor, and it is best to drink both within a month. After buying it home, you can first use a strange pen to write the baked bean date on the package, which can help to understand the freshness of the beans.

But many people will say that it tastes good when they try it on the spot, but it doesn't taste good when they buy it and cook it at home. It should be affected by the following reasons: first, the particle homogenization of domestic and commercial bean grinders is different, especially the difference between manual and electric bean grinders, which can not produce electric uniformity and fineness manually; in addition, the water quality selected by some coffee shops may be relatively better than that of household water quality. Third, the material, Italian coffee machine at different prices of the model pressure index and stability index are different, these will affect, such as hand coffee, the material of the filter cup, the material of the hand pot. It's going to affect everything.

5. Buy whole beans for coffee

Basically, stores will provide free coffee grinding service, that is, they can help guests grind coffee beans into coffee powder for free. If you want to fully enjoy the aroma of a cup of coffee, it is recommended to buy whole coffee beans, WholeBean.