Coffee knowledge: the Environmental cycle process of Natural conditions for Coffee growth

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Growing conditions of coffee

The temperature is between 15 and 25 ℃, and the annual rainfall must reach 1500mm to 2000mm, and the rainfall time should be in line with the flowering cycle of the coffee tree, except for the seasonal rainfall.

There should also be fertile soil, well drained and fertile soil containing volcanic ash. In addition, although sunlight is an indispensable element for the growth and fruit of coffee, too strong sunlight will inhibit the growth of coffee trees.

Therefore, various producing areas will usually cooperate with the planting of some shade trees, and the ideal altitude is 500 to 2000 meters. It can be seen that the conditions for the cultivation of high-quality coffee are quite strict: sunshine, rainfall, soil, air temperature.

As well as the way coffee beans are harvested and the production process will affect the quality of coffee itself.

Seedling stage

The seedling stage is a period from the germination of seeds (or cuttings, grafting) to the emergence of seedlings (the stage of raising seedlings in the nursery), about 0.5-1.5 years. After coffee seeds are sown, cotyledons begin to be unearthed after a period of germination, which takes about 30-100 days, and the length of time is closely related to temperature and humidity. After germination, the cotyledon seedlings should be transferred to a nutrition bag to raise seedlings, which takes 3-12 months to get out of the nursery.

Young tree stage

The young tree period refers to the period from planting to putting into production, about 2-3 years. The main feature of this period is exuberant vegetative growth, which can draw 6-8 pairs of branches every year, centering on the growth of roots, stems and leaves, and the aboveground and underground parts expand rapidly to form an ideal plant structure in preparation for production.

First birth period

The first production period refers to the period from the beginning of production to the advent of high production, during which coffee begins to enter into reproductive growth, coffee trees grow vigorously, and there is a great demand for nutrients.

High-yield period

The coffee tree usually blossoms in 3-4 years, which is similar to that of jasmine in appearance and smell. When it blooms, it grows in clusters on the branches, and the flowering period is 3-5 days. After the flowers bloom, they bear small green fruits, which ripen and turn red into ripe fruits that can be picked after a few months.

The skin of ripe fruit is red. Because its shape and color are similar to cherries, ripe coffee fruit is called coffe cherry in many places. Under the bright red pericarp, the peel, pulp and a sweet sticky yellow substance wrap the coffee beans. Proper management can last about 30 years.

Aging period

The growth is declining year by year, the economic life is nearing the end, and the coffee tree indicates that it is entering a period of aging. Its life span is closely related to climate, soil and management level, and there are still century-old coffee trees that can blossom and bear fruit.