The difference between Yunnan Iron pickup and Katim the characteristic flavor of Yunnan coffee bean varieties

With regard to Yunnan coffee, there are two varieties of coffee in Qianjie, one is Katim's washed Yunnan small grain coffee and suntan Katim coffee, and the other is Qianjie 2013 iron pickup coffee. With regard to these two types of coffee, some people will ask, which one tastes better? In fact, Qianjie believes that both of them taste good, because everyone likes different tastes. It is possible that you think the tin pickup coffee tastes good, but others like the taste of the Katim variety.

But on the whole, Katim coffee is always not as good as tin card. Why do you say that? Because the iron pickup belongs to the oldest variety of Arabica and tastes the best, while Katim is a combination of Arabica and Robusta, which is not as delicious and clean as Arabica coffee.

In fact, Yunnan small-grain coffee originally refers to the early Yunnan variety Tippika, small-grain coffee is also called small-grain Arabica, so Yunnan coffee used to be Arabica variety. Arabica is also divided into many different fine varieties, of which the oldest varieties of coffee are iron pickup and bourbon. Typica is the oldest native variety in Ethiopia, and almost all the coffee varieties to which Arabica belongs today are derived from Ironpickup. Later, Nestl é settled in Yunnan, because of the poor disease resistance of the iron pickup, but also in order to increase the output of coffee beans, coffee farmers cut down the iron pickup coffee trees with good flavor to plant varieties with poor flavor but good disease resistance and high yield. S288, which is resistant to leaf rust, was initially introduced, and later Katim, which had a higher yield, was introduced. In other words, the coffee trees planted in Yunnan are mainly Katim species.

Iron pickup has an elegant flavor, but its physique is weak, its disease resistance is low, and it is easy to be infected with leaf rust. The output of coffee beans is small, so it can not be economical. In recent years, iron cards in Central and South America have been gradually replaced by Kaddura and Kaduai. So the figure of the iron pickup is becoming more and more rare. Although the flavor of the iron pickup is elegant, it is not as popular as bourbon.

The biggest feature of the iron pickup coffee tree is that the top leaf is bronzed, and some people call it "red top coffee". With the environment, the iron pickup has been genetically evolved, and there are many mutants that can better adapt to the surrounding environment and produce new characteristics. They are usually considered to be new varieties, such as Manning coffee, blue mountain coffee, Kona coffee, Yunnan small grain coffee and so on.

The Katim coffee variety inherits the characteristics of both by crossing two plants, especially its resistance to coffee leaf rust (due to its Robusta coffee bean gene) and its small, compact size, which makes it easier to grow on a large scale. Tim, because of the Robusta gene, not only is more resistant to coffee leaf rust than tin pickup, but also produces three times as much as iron pickup. It is precisely because of these two characteristics that Katim coffee has become the preferred variety of coffee in Yunnan. However, it is worth noting that because of its early maturity, the yield is very high, which is generally higher than that of other commercial coffee varieties.

The offspring of Katim Tmur8667 are relatively small, but have larger coffee fruits and seeds. The Katim series Tmur5269 is of high intensity and can be well adapted to low-altitude areas with annual rainfall of more than 3000 mm between 600-900 meters. The Tmur5175 is very efficient and sturdy, but can cause problems at very high or very low heights. At low altitudes, there is little difference in cup quality between Katim and other commercial coffee varieties, but the cup quality of bourbon, Kaddura and Kaduai is better above 1200 meters above sea level.

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, and most areas are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes, with large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity.

Yunnan small grain coffee is a kind of short-day plant. Coffee has the characteristics of multiple flowering and concentrated florescence. The florescence of small seed coffee in Yunnan is from February to July, and the flowering period is from March to May. The flowering of coffee is greatly affected by climate, especially rainfall and temperature. Coffee flowers have a short life span of only 2-3 days. Small seed coffee usually opens at 3: 5 in the morning and blooms from 5 to 7 o'clock. The development time of coffee fruit is longer. It takes 8 to 10 months for the fruit of small seed coffee to mature, usually from October to December of the year. Rainfall has a great influence on fruit development, and climatic conditions directly affect fruit.

Main coffee producing areas in Yunnan

Yunnan planting area is mainly distributed in Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures.

Baoshan

The average temperature in Baoshan is 21.5 °C, the highest is 40.4 C, and there is basically no frost all the year round. It is recognized as the best producing area of small-grain coffee. The small-grain coffee cultivated here is famous at home and abroad for its strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, well-proportioned small noodles, mellow and fruity. International Coffee Organization tasting experts evaluate Yunnan coffee as the highest quality coffee in the world, such as Colombian wet-processed small-grain coffee.

Pu 'er Tea

Pu'er City is famous for its tea, with a coffee planting area of 789000 mu, a coffee bean output of 586600 tons and a total output value of 2.469 billion yuan, making it the largest coffee planting base in Yunnan. Its climate, geography and soil conditions are unique conditions for growing coffee. It has become the largest coffee producing area and the largest coffee planting area of Chinese mainland, the highest yield and the highest quality coffee trade distribution center.

Lincang City is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the south. It is adjacent to Pu'er to the east. It is bordered by Dali to the north, Baoshan to the west and Myanmar to the southwest. Therefore, it is also known as the Lancang River, which is a bright pearl in the southwest border of China. The annual average temperature in Lincang City is between 16.8 and 17.2 ℃. The dry and humid seasons are obvious and the sunshine is abundant.

Lincang, Yunnan Province has also set up a plantation specializing in growing tin card varieties baristas and a small number of bourbon varieties of coffee trees, so that everyone can see the charm of Yunnan coffee beans. Because the iron card variety is one of the oldest varieties derived from Arabica, the flavor performance is naturally the most primitive and best, so Qianjie Coffee chose it.

Qianjie bred iron card species, which is a pure Arabica species, which is better than the Katim species currently planted in Yunnan. It takes at least 4-5 years from the seedling to the first fruit, and this is also because the Katim species in Yunnan know that the flavor of the Katim species is inferior, and they are not willing to overthrow the re-planting. Qianjie produced the first batch of Yunnan coffee beans in 2020-21, named "Qianjie 2013", which was well received by everyone. In February 2022, 2013 Qianjie, the new birth season in Qianjie, is finally open to the public again.

Treatment methods of Yunnan coffee beans

At present, most of the Yunnan coffee sold on the market is Katim coffee. In order to change some of the bad flavor of the Katim variety itself, many of them will use special treatment to change the original flavor of coffee beans. However, Qianjie Coffee believes that changing the flavor of coffee through treatment is not a long-term solution. Everyone has a fresh attitude towards special treatment, and traditional treatment is everyone's love. If the traditional treatment is applied to Katim, a pleasant taste may appear when it is cooked.

Yunnan coffee beans are the most traditional methods of washing and solarization. There are Yunnan small grains of coffee washed in the front street, Katim coffee in the sun, and iron pickup coffee in Qianjie on 2013. Qianjie thinks that the taste of washing is cleaner, the taste of the sun is mellow, and the taste of sweetness is better.

Parameters of Yunnan coffee brewed in Qianjie

In order to retain the sweet and sour and tea characteristics of Yunnan coffee, Qianjie coffee roasted it moderately. V60 filter cup can be used when brewing, powder-water ratio at 1:15, medium grinding (about the size of coarse sugar / 75% screening rate of China 20 standard sieve), water temperature of 88 degrees.

The use of segmented extraction, with twice the amount of coffee powder water for steaming, that is, 30 grams of water for 30 seconds, and the reason for the need for steaming process is to make coffee powder can discharge the internal carbon dioxide gas, so that the latter stage of the extraction is better stable. When the small water is injected around the circle to 125 grams, the injection will be stopped until 225 grams, then the filter cup will be removed after the dripping of the filter cup, and the extraction time will be 2 minutes 39 grams. Next, pick up and shake the whole cup of coffee, then pour it into the cup and taste it.

[Qianjie washed Yunnan small grain coffee flavor] herbs, nutty, chocolate, caramel.

[Qianjie Yunnan Sunshine Katim Coffee] performance: nuts, chocolate, spices, caramel, plums.

Suggestions for making coffee in front of the street:

For the brewing of coffee, Qianjie has always believed that the freshness of coffee beans has a great relationship with the flavor of coffee, so the coffee beans shipped in Qianjie coffee are roasted within 5 days. The purpose of Qianjie roasting is "freshly roasted coffee", so that every guest who places an order is the freshest coffee when he receives it. The bean cultivation period of coffee is about 4-7 days, so when the guest gets it, it is the time when the flavor is the best.

For those who need to be ground, Qianjie warmly reminds you that if the coffee beans are ground in advance, there is no need to raise the beans, because in the process of transportation, the pressure caused by carbon dioxide in the package can also make the coffee flavor round. so you can drink a cup of coffee as soon as you receive the coffee powder. But the coffee powder needs to be brewed in time, because the coffee powder oxidizes more quickly after contact with the air, that is to say, the flavor of the coffee will dissipate more quickly, and the flavor of the coffee is not so good. Therefore, Qianjie suggests buying whole beans, grinding and flushing now, so that we can better taste the flavor of coffee.

Qianjie believes that for what kind of taste and variety of coffee, in fact, each has its own advantages, it all depends on what one likes. The flavor of different varieties will certainly be different, which is the most fundamental; different producing areas, the flavor is also different. There are more than 50 individual coffees from different producing areas in Qianjie, and there are many different varieties, so everyone can come and taste them.

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