Introduction of Indonesian Coffee exported to Indonesian Coffee Plantation besides Kopi Luwak

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers and exporters in the world. Most production forms the lower quality Robusta type. Indonesia is also famous for having many specialty coffee, such as "kopi luwak Indonesia Kopi Luwak" (known as the most expensive coffee in the world) and "kopi Mandailing Manning Coffee" (see below). In terms of agricultural products, coffee is Indonesia's fourth largest source of foreign exchange earnings, including palm oil, rubber and cocoa.

Coffee was introduced to the archipelago by the Dutch, who initially planted coffee trees around their stronghold of Batavia, but quickly expanded coffee production to the Bogor and Sugabumi regions of West Java in the 17th and 18th centuries. Indonesia proved to have a near-ideal climate for coffee production, so plantations were quickly established in other parts of Java, as well as Sumatra and Sulawesi.

Today, the total area of coffee plantations in Indonesia is about 1.24 million hectares, including 933 hectares of robusta coffee and 307 hectares of Arabica. More than 90% of plantations are grown by small-scale growers. In fact, this small-scale way of producing coffee is often similar to Kenyan coffee in the world, especially in Africa. These growers have relatively small plantations, each about 1-2 hectares. In contrast to competitors such as Vietnam, Indonesia does not have large coffee plantations, so it has more difficulties in ensuring stable production and quality, so its production has lost some competitiveness in the international market.

In addition to producing regular coffee, Indonesia also produces a variety of specialty coffee. The most famous of these specialties are kopi luwak coffee, Toraya coffee, Aceh coffee and Mandarin coffee. The first kind-- Luwak coffee-- is probably the most famous type of coffee because it is called the most expensive coffee in the world. It is brewed from beans that pass through the digestive system of Asian palm masked palm civet (cats). Because of the special fermentation process in the animal (and because masked palm civet can choose the most juicy coffee cherries), the coffee is thought to have a richer flavor. Its labor-intensive production process and scarcity in the international market lead to its high price.