Introduction to the present situation of Yunnan small Coffee beans the flavor description characteristics of Yunnan Tieka coffee

Yunnan coffee beans have been very hot in recent years, and many friends who come to the store have mentioned how Yunnan coffee is now.

In the early years, Yunnan beans have been criticized as wild, earthy, miscellaneous and so on. The main reason is that the coffee variety grown in Yunnan is Katim. Katim is a hybrid of Kaddura and Tim, which also carries the Robusta gene of 1go 4. In his book "Fine Coffee Science", Mr. Han Huaizong described Katim as the devil's rhyme with thick beans, synonymous with quantity and quality.

Katim in Yunnan is mainly divided into CIFC7963,P series, T5175 and T8667, which are all strains of Katim. In 1988, Nestl é supported the development of coffee agriculture in Yunnan by introducing Katim 7963 from the Portuguese Coffee Rust Research Center (CIFC), selected in Dehong Institute of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, and first planted in Hainan, Baoshan Lujiangba and Ruili. In 1991, Nestl é introduced Katim P1, P2, P3 and P4 from CIFC, P is Population (population). Among them, the yield of P4 was the highest, and then P series was popularized and planted in Pu'er City in 1994, of which P4 accounted for the majority. Later, after the investigation of experts, it was found that Katim P1, P2, P3 and P4 were 7960, 7961, 7962 and 7963 respectively. T5175 and T8667 were introduced from Central America in 1994. These two strains were first planted in Pu'er, and their yields were both less than 7963.

After Nestl é has made great efforts to develop coffee agriculture in Yunnan, 99% of Yunnan's coffee is Katim, which is what we call Yunnan small grains. These coffee beans were originally acquired by Nestl é to make instant coffee beans, and they do not have high requirements for flavor. So that when discussing the flavor of coffee, Yunnan is low-acid, nutty, cocoa and earthy, which is not an ideal flavor. In the past two years, Yunnan has begun to study special treatment methods. We can taste Yunnan beans with tropical fruit flavors such as jackfruit, passion fruit and mango. It seems that the flavor of Yunnan coffee has to be improved, leaping into the ranks of boutique coffee, of course, the price has also increased several times. But this is like a temporary cure, not a permanent cure, it is difficult to make coffee with a good flavor in Yunnan without starting from the source variety. Of course, we can often hear that there are high-quality varieties such as Rose Summer, Iron pickup and Bourbon in Yunnan, but the good varieties we are talking about are only a drop in the bucket in Yunnan coffee, just as Qianjie began its planting experiment in Lincang in 2013. the first batch of tin cards planted only had a good harvest in the 2020-21 season, and only more than 200kg. The expression of flavor is not the devil's tail that Mr. Han described as Katim, but with the flavor of nuts, brown sugar and micro-fruit acid. There are many varieties like Qianjie, but it is not enough to change the flavor of the whole Yunnan producing area. It is a long way to go.

At present, thanks to the prevalence of the concept of fine coffee, although the varieties in Yunnan cannot be changed for a while, under the acquired processing of paying attention to picking all red fruits and exquisite processing, the overall quality of Yunnan beans is indeed better than before. there is still a long way to go compared with the world-class coffee producing areas.

According to the data of Coffee Annual 2021 released by Coffee Salon, the current scale of China's coffee consumption market is about 100 billion yuan, of which instant coffee accounts for 72%, instant coffee accounts for 10%, and currently ground coffee accounts for 18%. In other words, the boutique coffee market that we pay special attention to is a very small wave in China. According to the 2019 Yunnan Coffee Industry Development report released by Yunnan Coffee Industry Association in June 2020, the province's coffee raw beans and deeply processed products are exported to 55 countries and regions, including the European Union, the United States, Japan and South Korea. 56100 tons of coffee beans and related products were exported, of which 52900 tons of "unroasted caffeine coffee" (94.3%) were exported. 600 tons of roasted coffee without caffeine are exported, and 2600 tons of coffee ingredients such as coffee concentrate juice or coffee concentrate juice are exported. How many of these 52900 tons of raw beans are processed into individual coffee beans and how many are used to produce instant coffee beans? it is not pointed out in the report, but we can guess one or two from the consumer market. Therefore, Qianjie believes that with the growth of China's boutique coffee market, it will have a positive impact on Yunnan coffee boutique. Yunnan coffee's fishy taste and bitter tail have gradually faded away, but, again, if the problem is not solved from the source, Yunnan coffee is difficult to form a world-recognized flavor of producing areas.