Fine Coffee Science explains in detail the three native species of coffee

Coffee, we generally refer to the finished product: the coffee we drink, also refers to coffee beans. Coffee belongs to the evergreen shrub of the genus Coffee of Rubiaceae. Coffee has some medicinal effects, such as waking up the brain, strengthening the stomach, stopping bleeding, dissipating heat, strengthening the body, etc., hee hee, if anyone is blinded by love, have a cup of coffee to wake up!

There are about 40 species of coffee, but the only ones that can produce coffee beans with commercial value are Arabica, Robusta and Liberian. these three species are called the "three native species of coffee". But most of the coffee in circulation on the market are Arabica and Robusta.

According to the statistics of ICO (international coffea organizations International Coffee Organization), excluding the domestic transactions of coffee producing countries, about 65% of the coffee in circulation in the world market is Arabica and 35% is robusta.

The Arabica species (coffea arabica) has a flat bean shape, slender granules, similar to oval shape, high quality aroma and sour taste, 5mur6m in height, cultivated in a low altitude area of 500m-2000m, not tolerant to low temperature and high temperature, not tolerant to heavy rain and little rain, weak resistance to leaf rust, and poor resistance to leaf rust. Within about 3 years, it originated in Ethiopia, among the three primary species. Arabica is of the best quality.

The coffea robusta Linden is originally a mutant of the coffea canephora, but it is customary to compare the robusta with the Arabica rather than the Congolese. Robusta bean type is relatively round, sour is not obvious, but has a unique bitter taste, the flavor is similar to fried wheat, is known as "Luobu flavor". The flavor is very strong, mainly used in instant coffee, bottled coffee, liquid coffee and other industrial production of coffee. But the caffeine content of Robusta is about 3.2%, which is much higher than 1.5% of Arabica. The height of the tree is about 5m, the cultivation height is less than 500m, it has strong rot resistance, high temperature and rain tolerance, and has stronger resistance to leaf rust than Arabica. The main producers of Robusta species are Indonesia, Vietnam and West African countries with C ô te d'Ivoire, Algeria and Angola as the center. In recent years, Vietnam is more committed to becoming one of the major coffee producers and including coffee production in its national policy. Hey, this is one of the answers to Mr. Eric's question about why Vietnamese coffee can be sold for 0.5 yuan a cup. First, quality; second, culture; third, quantity. But Vietnam also produces some Arabica coffee.

Coffea liberica does not want to go into great detail here, because his trading scope is very small, usually not used, what we are talking about is not very often, so let's briefly describe it here. The origin of Liberian coffee is in West Africa, and it has strong adaptability to all kinds of environments, such as high and low temperature, damp or dry, except that it is not resistant to leaf rust, and Arabica species are not resistant to leaf rust. However, the flavor of Liberian species is worse than that of Arabica species, and the bitterness is extremely severe, so it is only traded on the domestic market in some West African countries, or planted for research. Bean-shaped spoon-shaped, large, tree height of 10m, cultivated in the height of less than 200m, strong rot resistance.