The cultivated varieties of Coffee Tree: small seed and large seed

III. Cultivated varieties

(1) small seed species

(2) large seed species

Coffee belongs to Rubiaceae, Coffee belongs to perennial evergreen shrubs or small trees, there are about 90 species. At present, there are small grain species (Arabian species), medium grain species (Gaffra species) and large grain species (Liberian species) cultivated in Hainan.

(1) small seed species:

Also known as Arabian species, native to Ethiopia, evergreen shrubs. The plant is small, 4-5 meters high, the branches are slender, and the branches are corked earlier. The leaf is small and pointed, long oval, harder than the middle seed, and the ripple on the leaf margin is fine and obvious. The fruit is smaller, the ratio of fresh fruit to dried bean is 4.5 to 5, the exocarp of the seed is thick and tough, the seed coat is thick, and it is easy to separate from the kernel. The seeds are smaller, about 1700 to 2600 per jin of coffee beans, and the number of fruit per node is less, about 1215, but the number of branches is more, so under the condition of good management, the yield is not lower than that of medium seeds. Coffee powder tastes mellow and has good drinking quality. The plant is wind-resistant, drought-resistant and cold-resistant, but rarely infected with rust, high yield, strong flavor and strong irritation. Among them, the famous varieties are Romasta species, Quilong species, Ugandan species and Indonesian clones BP38, BP42, East Java high-yielding species Bgn300, Bgn124 and so on.

In recent years, eight high-yielding clones were selected from the seed trees of the Flavor Beverage Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. after years of experiments, it was proved that the yield was 3-4 times higher than that of the existing trees, and the yield of dried beans per mu was 150-200 kg. It can be popularized and planted in Hainan Province.

(3) large seed species:

Also known as Liberian species, evergreen trees. The plant is tall, more than 10 meters high, the branches are thick and hard, grow obliquely upward, and the branches cork the fastest. The leaf blade is oval or round, the leathery leaf surface is glossy, the leaf end is closed, and the leaf margin is not corrugated. The fruit is large, oblong, the skin and pulp are hard and thick, the navel is large and protruding. The ratio of fresh fruit to dried bean is about 7: 10. The seed shell is thick, hard and tough, the seed coat is close to the seed kernel, the bean grain is large, and there are about 1300 beans per jin. The ripe fruit is scarlet. The branches bear less fruit, and the number of fruits per node is about 5-6. The main root of this species is deep, drought-resistant, wind-resistant, cold-resistant, light-resistant, and most susceptible to rust. The yield per plant is high and the yield per unit area is low. Strong flavor and strong irritation.

The main varieties are Esselsa (also called Charley), which was introduced from Guangxi to Hainan in the 1970s. The fruit is vigorous, but the seed coat is thick and hard like a small seed, the ratio of fresh to dry is 5: 8, and the quality is strong and slightly bitter. It has deep roots, strong drought and cold tolerance, and is resistant to leaf rust and longicorn beetles.