Small coffee Coffea arabica Linn Arabica coffee
Small coffee Coffea arabica L.
Coffea arabica Linn. Sp. Pl. one hundred and seventy two。 1753; A. Cheval. Op. Cit. 196; A. E. Haarer, op. Cit. 13; Flora of Hainan 3: 349. 1974; Atlas of higher plants in China 4: 285, figure 5929. 1975; Tree Map of Yunnan, Volume 2: 1151. 1991.
Small trees or large shrubs, 5-8 m tall, base usually much branched; old branches gray-white, nodes dilated, young branches glabrous, compressed. Leaves thinly leathery, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6-14 cm long and 3.5-5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, acuminate part 10-15 mm long, base cuneate or slightly obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or shallowly wavy, both surfaces glabrous, lower vein axils with or without small pores; midrib raised on both surfaces of leaf, 7-13 on each side of lateral veins; petiole 8-15 mm long Stipules broadly triangular, arising from the tip of the upper part of the young branch conical or awn tip, the tip of the old branch is often protruding tip, 3-6 mm long. Cymes several clustered in leaf axils, each with 2-5 flowers, without a total pedicel or with a very short peduncle; flowers fragrant, with pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; bracts base ±connate, dimorphic, 2 broadly triangular, nearly equal in length and width, the other 2 lanceolate, 2 times as long as wide, leaf-shaped; calyx tubular, 2.5-3 mm long, calyx eaves truncate or 5-denticulate. Corolla white, length varies from breed to breed, generally 10-18 mm long, apically often 5-lobed, rarely 4-or 6-lobed, lobes often longer than Corolla tube, tip often obtuse; anthers protruding from Corolla tube, 6-8 mm long; style 12-14 mm long, stigma 2-lobed, 3-4 mm long. Berries broadly elliptic, red, 12-16 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, exocarp dura, mesocarp fleshy, sweet at maturity; seeds raised abaxially, ventral flat, longitudinally grooved, 8-10 mm long and 5-7 mm in diam. The florescence is from March to April.
It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Native to Ethiopia or Arabian Peninsula.
This species is the most widely cultivated species in the genus Coffea. Because of its strong cold resistance and short-term low temperature resistance, it can grow on mountains 2100 meters above sea level in tropical areas, but it is not resistant to drought; the branches are fragile and not resistant to strong wind; the disease resistance is weak; the fruit is easy to fall off after ripening; after processing, the coffee is mellow and contains low caffeine content.
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Species botany of coffee beans
Scientific taxonomy of coffee: Plantae phylum: embryonic phylum Spermatophyta (unclassified) true dicotyledons eudicots core true dicotyledons core eudicots class: angiosperms Angiosperma (ungraded) chrysanthemum asterids lip-shaped branches lamiids: Gentianales family: Rubiaceae Rubi
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Medium coffee robusta coffee
Medium-grain coffee (Hainan Flora) Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehn. In Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 237. 1897 et in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 25: 269. 1898; A. Cheval. Op. Cit. 186; A. E. Haarer, op. Cit. 17; Flora of Hainan 3: 349, figure 765. 1974; Atlas of higher plants in China 4:
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