Coffee culture in different countries

French coffee culture

I have heard that France once drank less coffee because of a shortage of coffee, and immediately saw more people taking a nap. It may seem like an exaggeration, but it is true that the French are addicted to coffee. When the "Gulf War" broke out in 1991, France was also one of the countries participating in the war. some ordinary people in China worried that the war would affect the supply of daily necessities and rushed to supermarkets to buy them. Even the TV station was alarmed by the fact that when the camera looked at customers who were full of "scarce supplies", they found that they took the most coffee and sugar. At one point, it became a big joke at that time.

The French do not seem to pay attention to the taste, but the environment and atmosphere. Most of them do not want to drink alone behind closed doors, but join in the fun outside, even if the price of a small cup is enough to make a pot at home. They did not drink hurriedly, but tasted slowly, tasted carefully, read books and newspapers, talked about it, and drank it for most of the day. French people develop this habit of drinking coffee, whether they consciously express a kind of elegant charm, a kind of romantic sentiment, a kind of freehand feeling of enjoying life. It can be said that this is a traditional and unique coffee culture. Because of this, the places where people can rest and drink coffee in France can be said to be all over the streets, roadsides, squares, riverbanks, cruise ships, and even the Eiffel Tower. And the form, style, size are not limited to one style, there are coffee shops, restaurants, halls, rooms. And the most popular and romantic ones are those open-air cafes, which are almost a portrayal of French life. No wonder the tasteful French have a traditional saying that it may be more difficult to get someone to change a cafe by the Seine than to change a religion! In an authentic cafe, regular customers not only never change their coffee shop easily, but also have a fixed time to come to the cafe and the habit of which coffee table to sit on. Of course, this loyal relationship is also reflected in the hospitable and tireless host, without greeting, the old waiter who is familiar with his frequent customers' temper and hobby will bring his favorite kind of coffee, accompanied by a plate of special snacks, and even bring his favorite newspapers and periodicals, needless to say thank you, which are taken for granted in an authentic cafe.

Japanese coffee culture

The first coffee spread to Japan was Nagasaki in the Yuanlu period. And people officially accepted it from the Meiji era. Now let's take a look at the coffee history of Japan.

At first, the Japanese were not used to the successive opening of coffee houses in Western Europe, when the literature and art of coffee culture were in bloom, while Japan was in the midst of the strict policy of locking up countries in the Edo era. Coffee, the first drink at that time, was set up at the Dutch store off the island of Nagasaki (1641) and presumed to have been brought in at that time. However, those who can get in touch with foreigners are servants (officials), businessmen, interpreters and tourist girls. Two or three interpreters of Zunberu's Journey to Japan recorded in 1776 finally knew the delicacy of coffee. "Coffee", which specially spread to the island to symbolize foreign culture, could not be popularized at that time.

The Japanese drink coffee by the writer of the crazy singer and opera in 1804. In the book Qiongpu and Qiongpu, the people of Shushan in Daejeon were invited to drink coffee on a red-haired ship. "Coffee is fried black and powdery, mixed with white sugar, and the bitter smell can not adapt to the bitter taste." Judging from the background in which coffee is imported from the island and is not widely accepted, the policy of locking up the country has indeed affected the Japanese people's unaccustomed to the taste of the new drink.

Sisamert, who went to the Dutch residence on the island in Japan in 1823, seems to like coffee. In the book "Edo to visit the House", it is recorded that "when the Japanese get along with us, they like to drink coffee."

The real popularity began in the middle of Meiji. Members of the founding literary magazine Hiroshi Kitahara, Woodpecker Ishikawa, Kwangtaro Takamura, Haruo Sato, and Hefeng Nagai meet each month at the "Hung Nest" venue in Hashimachi, Japan. In that shop, you can drink authentic French cuisine and foreign wine, and coffee is also authentic French deep-roasted coffee. The nest of Hong is like a social field for literati.

From the Meiji era to the Taisho era, cultural salons like this did help create several coffee houses, and Japan finally entered the culture of coffee. However, it is still a rare shop for ordinary people.

The coffee salon formed at that time was a social place for literati or literary youth, but at the same time affordable coffee houses were popular unwittingly. In the heyday of the Taisho era, there were more than 20 branches across the country. Why is the coffee salon so popular? Because the coffee in the high-end western restaurant cost 15 yuan at that time, while imitating the coffee shop in Paris or New York, a cup of low-priced coffee with 5 yuan was thoroughly implemented. So you can have authentic and fragrant Brazilian coffee at a price of 1/3. In the national well-known coffee salon, it is hard to count the Japanese who have tasted delicious coffee. Coffee salon has left an indelible contribution to popular coffee.

In the Taisho era, the number of coffee lovers did increase a lot, and it became more popular in the Showa era, but World War II stopped importing coffee because it was an "enemy drink." In Japanese life, coffee disappeared for a moment. Coffee is appreciated and loved by people as "messengers of peace".

At present, the competition in the Japanese coffee market is very fierce. Including tea shop and family coffee and instant coffee, home coffee and office coffee, all kinds of canned coffee, plus hospitality coffee, delicious coffee and so on. In particular, the more authentic demand for coffee in the Pyeongcheng era has also increased.

Vienna coffee culture

Coffee is something that Viennese enjoy talking about and are quite proud of. The Viennese even compare it with music and waltz, which is called the "three treasures of Vienna", which shows the relationship between Viennese and coffee. Some people say that Vienna is "five steps and one coffee", which may be an exaggeration by the poet, but it is true that there are a large number of Vienna cafes. From the coffee kiosks around the corner for people to drink standing up, to the coffee shops gathered by students near the university, to the magnificent coffee shops next to the theatre and by the Imperial City, there are at least dozens, some of which open at 06:30 in the morning and do not close until 2 a.m. Therefore, it is not too much to say that the air of the "capital of music" is not only flowing with the rhythm of music, but also filled with the fragrance of coffee.

The history of Viennese drinking coffee can be traced back to the 17th century. At that time, there were many cafes in large and small cities in many Islamic countries, and coffee had become an indispensable part of people's lives. But in Europe, people still don't know what it is. In 1683, Turkey attacked Vienna for the second time, when the Austrian Emperor Augustus II signed a military alliance with King Augustus II of Poland. The fleeing Turkish army discarded large quantities of weapons, ammunition and hundreds of large pockets of mysterious brown beans on the battlefield around the walls of Vienna, and the victorious Viennese did not know what to do with them. As it happens, a Polish spy lurking in the Turkish army, Kohzki, once tasted a thick black drink made from this roasted bean in Constantinople. The Turks called it "Kahve", which is now coffee. As a reward, the Polish received all the coffee seized on the battlefield and opened the first coffee shop in the history of Vienna. Today, there are still many cafes that claim to be the first coffee shop opened by Poles to attract customers. But in the beginning, coffee shop business is not good, Viennese still prefer to drink tea. Later, the businessman changed the recipe and added milk to his coffee, which worked surprisingly well and became popular in the 1780s. People call it "Melange". To this day, although coffee is varied, it is still the most popular drink in Vienna.

Drinking coffee has become a part of life in Vienna. In a leisurely atmosphere, people can meet friends in cafes, play chess, read books, write books, read newspapers (usually provide newspapers from many countries), or watch TV in an inconspicuous corner as long as they pay for a cup of coffee. Some cafes have their own class of customers-the country, writers or politicians-while most cafes are packed with customers of all kinds. The most famous coffee shop in Vienna is the Central Cafe, which is located in the downtown area. Before World War I, it was a meeting place for famous poets, playwrights, artists, musicians and diplomats. Some people say that this is the cradle of many Austrian poems, plays and novels, which may be an exaggeration, but the music masters Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, the Waltz Dynasty, Strauss and his son were all regulars here. Today's Central Cafe is doing brisk business, but no matter how crowded it is, guests can stay as long as they want. This is a century-old tradition of the Viennese Cafe. There are also many well-known cafes in Vienna, who always have a close relationship with past or present celebrities. Viennese like to tell visitors which artists and writers often meet in which cafe and which politicians like to meet journalists in which cafe. There are many kinds of Viennese coffee, from black coffee to various kinds of coffee with milk, each with its own characteristics, suitable for different tastes, and all have their own names. Therefore, walking into the Vienna Cafe, if you simply want a cup of coffee, the waiter will be at a loss, because there are at least 40 varieties of coffee. If you don't know much about coffee and want to experience the unique atmosphere of the Viennese Cafe, click on the "Melange" we mentioned earlier, this thick milk coffee is completely Viennese and has a lingering aftertaste. No matter what kind of coffee you want, you will get a cup of water at the same time-for no reason, just because the water in Vienna is so cool and delicious. But if the waiter brings the guest a second glass of water, he will signal, "you have stayed here too long."

Viennese love sweets, and they like to order a cup of coffee and add a delicate dessert at the same time. There are many desserts in Vienna, but people like Gugelhupf best when drinking coffee, which is a kind of hollow round egg roll peculiar to Vienna. The cafe's provision of newspapers, pictorials and magazines for readers is a major cultural feature of the Vienna Cafe, which also has historical origins. It is said that before coffee was widely accepted, many cafes in Vienna had to offer free newspapers to attract customers, because newspapers were very expensive at that time, and a newspaper cost twice as much as a cup of coffee. Of course, this hospitality function of newspapers no longer exists today, but it has been maintained and constitutes the cultural taste of the Viennese Cafe.

Italian coffee culture

There are two things to be careful when you go sightseeing in Italy: one is a man and the other is coffee. In Italy, coffee and men are two different things, so there is a famous Italian saying: men should be like good coffee, strong and enthusiastic! Italian coffee, named Espresso in English, has been widely known by coffee lovers in China in recent years. This kind of pure black coffee, which is thick and fragrant, with a layer of golden foam floating on its surface, is thick and hot like the devil escaped from hell. It is often called to drink and falls into unspeakable charm and is unforgettable. The characteristic of Italian coffee is that it is a fast word in its English name; it can be cooked no more than ten seconds and drank quickly, because there are only two or three mouthfuls. Most Italians make a cup of coffee as soon as they get up. Men and women almost drink it from morning till night. A small coffee shop called BAR can be seen everywhere on the street. It sells a cup of coffee of about 400 lira, or about NT $10, for people to drink up standing up.

On average, Italians drink 20 cups of coffee a day. Coffee beans mixed with Italian coffee are the most fried beans in the world. This is in line with the special function of the Italian coffee pot to instantly extract coffee. Since the weight of a cup of Italian coffee is only 50cc, and the amount of coffee beans is only six to eight grams, this kind of strong-looking coffee is actually not harmful to the intestines and stomach, and even helps digestion! There is also a way to drink Italian coffee with milk, called Cappuccino, which uses steam above 130 degrees Celsius in an Italian coffee pot to first foam the milk and then float on the thick black coffee. Sweet fresh milk, pure white lovely; charming Espresso devil under its embellishment, immediately transformed into a wonderful angel!

Turkish coffee culture

Coffee in the ancient Middle East, like the legendary myth of the 1001 night, is a veiled girl with a thousand faces, which can not only help get close to God, but also wash the spring of sadness. When it comes to coffee, we have to mention the Middle East (Turkey) coffee, because whether from the perspective of Islam or Christianity, the origin of coffee is in the remote and mysterious mountains of the Middle East. After three hundred years of banning roles in Muslim religious circles in the 13th and 15th centuries, coffee was officially introduced into Turkey in the 16th century, began to be commercialized, and quickly spread to the European continent. This coffee drinking method, commonly known as Turkish coffee or Arabica coffee, which is popular in Greece, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, still retains the mystery of early religious rituals. The practice of traditional Turkish coffee is to grind thick black coffee beans into fine powder, put sugar and cold water into a red copper coffee brewer like a deep spoon (IBRIK), cook slowly over low heat, after repeated stirring and adding water, about 20 minutes later, a small cup of 50cc fragrant and strong coffee is finished. As the local people drink coffee is not filtered, this cup of coffee, which is as thick as broth, is poured into the cup, with sticky foam on the surface and dregs at the bottom of the cup. In the Middle East, being invited to someone's house for coffee represents the most sincere respect of the host, so in addition to praising the mellow coffee, guests should also remember not to drink water even if they are full of dregs, because it implies that the coffee is not good. Arabs drink coffee slowly, and they even have a set of exquisite coffee ways, just like the Chinese tea ceremony, when drinking coffee, they not only burn incense, but also sprinkle spices, smell incense, and have a dazzling array of coffee pot utensils. More full of Arabian Nights style. A cup of Middle Eastern coffee with cloves, cardamom and cinnamon is full of fragrance when it is hot. No wonder Arabs praise it: musk attracts the heart and soul.

American coffee culture

When Americans drink coffee, it is like playing a game without rules, laissez-faire without taboos. Americans are dismissive of all kinds of exquisite coffee made by Europeans. Americans drink coffee freely, and at the same time, coffee goes deep into their lives and is difficult to separate, and the influence is so deep that it is not considered a life without coffee. It is said that the Apollo 13 spaceship, which carried a man to the moon for the first time, had a life-and-death failure on its way home. At that time, the ground crew comforted the three astronauts with a word: come on! Delicious hot coffee is waiting for your return. Americans can't do without coffee almost 24 hours a day, whether at home, in the office, in public, or at a roadside vending machine. This consumes 1/3 of the world's coffee production and is the country with the largest coffee consumption in the world. Generally speaking, life in the United States is relatively busy and tense, unlike people in Europe and the Middle East who are able to enjoy life in a leisurely mood. When drinking coffee, it is often a large pot of electrothermal filtered coffee (Drip Coffee Marker). From morning to night, because there is too much water and less coffee (10 grams of coffee in a cup of water to 200 cc of water), the taste is particularly weak, so many people criticize that American coffee is really bad. In fact, in all parts of the United States, coffee lovers can still taste their favorite coffee taste with a little more effort. If pure American coffee is divided into two categories, the east coast of the United States is stronger than the west coast, and the south is stronger than the north. Ethnically speaking, immigrants from southern Europe and Latinos prefer strong coffee to those from Britain, Germany and northern Europe. In addition, although the United States is the largest exporter of instant coffee, not many people in the United States drink instant coffee. In recent years, they pay more and more attention to the results of a healthy diet, the market for non-caffeine (Coffeeineless Coffee) is increasing, and coffee without sugar is becoming more and more common.