Ethiopian Yega Sheffivoka Coffee Flavor Flavor Coffee introduction

In February 1977, Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haier Maryam (MENGISTU HAILE MARIAM) launched a military coup and served as Chairman and head of State of the interim military Administrative Council. In 1979, the Ethiopian Labor people's Party Organizing Committee, mainly composed of soldiers, was established to implement an one-party system. In 1984, the Ethiopian Workers' Party was formed according to the Soviet Communist Party model. In September 1987, Mengistu announced the dissolution of the "interim military Administrative Council", the end of military rule, the establishment of the "people's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" and the establishment of a new parliament, with Mengistu as president and head of government.

In March 1988, the rebel "Eritrean people's Liberation Front" (EPLF) and the "Tigre people's Liberation Front" (TPLF) launched an attack on government forces, and a large-scale civil war broke out. In 1989, the Eritrean people's Liberation Front occupied most of Eritrea. On May 28, 1991, EGF troops, mainly the Tigre people's Liberation Front, entered Addis Ababa and the Mengistu regime was disintegrated. [3]

Transitional government period

In July 1991, EGF hosted a national conference with the participation of more than 20 political and ethnic organizations. The meeting adopted the Transitional Charter and elected an 87-member House of Representatives, with EGF Chairman Meles Zenawi as President and President of the Transitional Government. A transitional government was established. Eritrea (formerly Eritrea Province of Ethiopia) became a sovereign country in Ethiopia through a referendum under the supervision of the international community on May 24, 1993. The mountainous plateau in Ethiopia is dominated by the mountain plateau, with a large subordinate to the Ethiopian plateau. The Midwest is the main body of the plateau, accounting for 2x3 of the whole territory. The Great Rift Valley of East Africa runs through the whole territory, with an average elevation of nearly 3000 meters, known as the "roof of Africa". The terrain around the plateau is gradually declining. The Darol depression in the north fell to 113 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the country. The coast of the Red Sea is a narrow banded plain. Deserts and semi-deserts in the north, south and north-east account for about 25% of the country's area. The Dashan peak of the Ximen Mountains is 4623 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Ethiopia. [6]

Climate

Due to the large difference between latitude span and altitude, Ethiopia is located in the tropics, but the temperature is uneven in different places. The heavy rainy season is from June to September, the dry season is from October to January, and the light rainy season is from February to May. Due to uneven rainfall in different seasons and regions, local drought is easy to occur. The temperature ranges from 9.7 ℃ to 25.5 ℃. The average annual temperature is 16 ℃.

In Ethiopia, the grading and quality control system of coffee is divided into three levels: producer, regional and national. All coffee is inspected by local inspection agencies before leaving the country of origin, and then re-tested at the coffee inspection and grading centers in Addis and Diredawa to determine its quality grade. Coffee is graded before auction and sale and is important for all groups involved in production, acquisition, export and consumption. Before export, coffee must also be sent to a national quality control agency for inspection to confirm that the origin and color meet the export standards to ensure the reputation of Ethiopian coffee.

At present, Ethiopia's coffee grading and quality control system mainly has two indicators: visual inspection and cup evaluation, including the color, cleanliness, origin, taste and characteristics of coffee beans. The export rating is marked by simple numbers, with the best washed coffee at level 5 and the best sun-cured coffee at level 4. After grading, mark the place of origin and then export. Exports are usually paid by letter of credit, which can not only reduce the risk of foreign exchange collection for exporters, but also give quality assurance to importers.

According to the law, all coffee is sold through an auction held by Addis and DiRedawa. During the coffee harvest season, such auctions are even held twice a day. Coffee is Ethiopia's most important export cash crop and the main source of Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings. Ethiopia's coffee exports account for about 3% of the world market, making it the eighth largest coffee exporter in the world. Coffee exports increased steadily from 58000 tons in 1990 to 110000 tons in 1995-1996 and remained at this level in the following years. The export volume exceeded 110000 tons from 2001 to 2002 and reached 127000 tons from 2002 to 2003. As the price of coffee on the international market has been declining for a decade, Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings have been seriously affected. Before the sharp drop in coffee prices, coffee exports accounted for more than half of Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings, but now they account for only about 35 per cent. But according to the International Coffee Organization, coffee prices rebounded in 2002, rising from 41 cents per pound in September 2001 to 52 cents per pound in 2002 and 59.7 cents per pound in 2003. The average price in March 2004 was 60.8 cents per pound, an increase of 50% over September 2001.