Characteristics of Yunnan small-grain Coffee introduction to the flavor description and treatment of Huaguoshan coffee

Introduction of Yunnan small Coffee beans

The growth and development of coffee is closely related to climatic and environmental conditions. In the areas where the wind is strong, the temperature is high, the light is strong, and the soil is easy to dry, the axillary buds of plant branches tend to differentiate into flower buds, and the growth of branches is small, which is easy to cause premature senescence. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a place with quiet wind, high humidity and short light as a garden. Small-grain coffee is a plant that needs water and is afraid of too much water. where the rainfall is less than 1400 mm, you should choose places with irrigation conditions or water conservancy facilities. the root system of coffee is very strong, and the soil drainage is poor, so drains should be added. If the soil has high sand content and poor water conservation and fertility, mulch should be used and organic fertilizer should be applied. The sloping land should be changed into terraced land in order to be suitable for planting. Dig the planting hole 2-3 months before planting, separate the topsoil from the inner soil when digging the ditch, return the topsoil to the ditch, and apply 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, where possible, apply 2-5 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer as base fertilizer, fill the ditch with topsoil (the topsoil and base fertilizer are evenly mixed) about 15 days before planting, so as to avoid soil subsidence after planting and affect the planting of living small-grain coffee according to different varieties, pruning system, climate and soil conditions. It depends on the agricultural technical measures. The commonly used row spacing is 2 m × 1.2 m (278 plants per mu), 2 m × 1 m (333 plants per mu), 1.8 m × 2 m (185 plants per mu). The specification of 2 m × 1 m is generally adopted in Tanglang Township. Generally, it is planted after the beginning of the rainy season. Tang Lang has a higher temperature, and Rain Water is concentrated in the second half of the year. It is appropriate to plant in July-September and choose cloudy days or moist soil to ensure seedling survival. The selection of strong seedlings requires stable terminal buds, strong plant growth, well-developed roots and no diseases and insect pests. Inferior seedlings, curved roots and malformed seedlings should be eliminated. According to the different conditions and requirements of planting materials at that time, there are four different methods for planting seedlings:

⑴ bare root colonization: when planting, the main root should be straight, the lateral root should be distributed and stretched, and the original natural state should be maintained, layered back to the soil, compacted, so that the root system could not be pressed too tight to avoid root injury, covering and watering after planting.

⑵ soil colonization: when the climate is poor and watering is difficult, the survival rate is high, but the transportation is inconvenient, the gardener is more, and the large area production is less.

⑶ truncated planting: generally used for more than 2 years old, seedling height of more than 1 meter, 25-30 cm from the ground after planting, the survival rate is higher, after survival should be timely pruning.

Cutting materials with straight branches, can not use a branch, because a branch cuttings after the new plant can only grow creeping, can not grow into a straight coffee tree. Cuttings should be cut with green uncorked, fully aged leaves, robust straight terminal buds at the bottom of paragraphs 2-3, not semi-corked and corked straight branches. The leaves of cuttings are four inches wide (about 6-8 cm), and each section of cuttings is 4-6 cm long. The cuttings are cut into two pieces, each with a blade, and the cut is oblique and smooth.

The slotting machine generally uses a sand bed with a thickness of 40-50 cm, with coarse sand in the lower part and medium fine sand in the upper part. The shade degree of the slotting bed should be 80-90%. Wash the sand first when using it, or you can mix it with the coconut bran of 1 stroke 2. Using spray equipment, the rooting rate of cuttings is high, but the cost of equipment purchase is high.

The cuttings can be cut obliquely or directly, and the cutting depth is buried at the leaf node. 10-15 cm in a row, with the leaves not covering each other as the standard. Fully sprinkle with water after insertion to make the cuttings in close contact with the sand. After cutting, plastic film should be covered on the cutting bed to reduce water evaporation and improve the rooting rate of cuttings. When covering the plastic film, it should be arched with iron wire or bamboo, inserted on the edge of the sand bed, and then covered with the plastic film, and then pressed to maintain the humidity in the bed. If you use spray equipment, you don't have to cover plastic film.