The characteristics, flavor and taste of Yunnan small-grain coffee introduction to the varieties treated in the manor area

Yunnan Arabica coffee characteristics flavor taste manor production area processing method variety introduction

(i) Product

Fig. 2 Baoshan Arabica Coffee Base

[4]species.

Catimor, Coffea arabica var. type Cramer, Cofia arabica var. Bourbon choussy, Cofea arabica var. Caturra KMG, Mundo novo culti var.

(ii) Site conditions.

The elevation within the protected area is 1000 m to 1500 m; the soil is lateritic red soil, dry red soil, sandy soil and yellow soil; the soil layer thickness is ≥60cm, the groundwater level is below 1 m; the soil pH value is 5.5 to 6.5.

(c) Management of cultivation.

1. Seedling and planting: Baoshan Arabica coffee is sown from March to July, and planted when the seedling height is ≥30 cm, with a planting density of 5000 to 6000 plants per hectare.

2. Fertilization: base fertilizer, base fertilizer to organic fertilizer and mineral-based fertilizer. Organic fertilizer shall be applied at least 30t/ha.

3. Fresh fruit picking: picking before the middle of April, manually picking the normal ripe bright red fruits on the plants.

4. Environmental and safety requirements: The use of pesticides and fertilizers must comply with relevant national regulations and must not pollute the environment.

Yunnan coffee due to unique geographical environment and climatic conditions, formed a strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, with a little fruity unique flavor, world-class coffee experts evaluation is the best coffee in the world, its cultivation technology, yield is also world-class.

Coffee is rich in protein, fat, sucrose and starch, caffeine and other substances, made of beverage aroma rich, delicious taste, rich nutrition, thus becoming the world's three major drinks and tea, cocoa composition, and ranked first. Yunnan coffee is a variation of Arabic original species, after long-term cultivation and domestication, generally known as Yunnan Arabica coffee, has been cultivated for more than 100 years. Why is it the best quality in the world?

Coffee quality is determined by many factors such as the growing environment, climate and cultivation management techniques. Its best growing environment is low latitude, high altitude, sufficient rainfall, suitable sunshine, so latitude 15. The ideal growth zone for coffee is between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Cancer. However, other areas in this zone, such as Hawaii in the United States, Saudi Arabia, etc., or low altitude, or desert with little rain, are not conducive to coffee growth. Only southern Yunnan in this zone has all kinds of conditions. According to experts, Arabica coffee should be planted in the mountains at an altitude of 800~1800 meters. If the altitude is too high, it tastes sour, and if it is too low, it tastes bitter. Yunnan coffee is mostly planted in dry and hot valley areas at an altitude of 1100 meters, so the acidity is moderate, the flavor is rich and mellow. As far as climatic conditions are concerned, the long sunshine time in southern Yunnan is conducive to the growth and photosynthesis of plants, and the large temperature difference between day and night and the low temperature at night are conducive to the accumulation of coffee nutrients. Therefore, the effective nutrients contained in Yunnan Arabica coffee are higher than those of other coffee varieties abroad. Arabica coffee is susceptible to rust, and its yield and quality are greatly affected after rust. Yunnan hot zone due to dry and wet distinct, every year fresh fruit red ripening just into the dry season, low relative humidity, is not conducive to the formation and growth of blister rust. Because of the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee, it entered the London market in the 1960s as "Lujiang No.1" and was rated as a first-class product. In recent years, world-famous coffee companies such as Nestle and Mai's have come to Yunnan to open up raw material bases, and Yunnan's products have gradually gained popularity at home and abroad. At present, the average yield of coffee in Yunnan Province has reached 96.4 kg, and a family contracted land in Lujiang has set a world record of 400 kg. "I've seen countless coffee plantations in the world," said Steisos, a chief coffee expert at the United Nations Development Programme, after visiting the Lujiang farm."The management here is world-class and the yield is the highest."