A brief introduction to the History and Culture of the Origin and Development of Katim's Fine Coffee beans

Many chopped beans, adzuki beans and bad beans still have a lot of defective beans after drying, so we hand-picked them on the spot and finally left 9 kilograms of qualified ones-- and most of the morning has passed, of course, if it is used to make instant coffee or general commercial beans, high-yield catimor is a good choice, but we want to find Yunnan specialty coffee. Then the old variety of iron pickup has become the first choice because of its congenital excellent gene. Therefore, this trip to Yunnan also followed the trail of the old varieties. But the reality is really cruel. Before going, Brother Zou told me that there was an old variety in his relative's house, but what he saw excitedly was a wild growing coffee forest, which belonged to his aunt. Because his aunt was too old and did not have the strength to replant and renovate-- these old varieties survived, but the aunt was unable to manage it alone, so the tree was allowed to grow naturally. To pick some fruit when ripe, the so-called new variety actually refers to catimor, which is a hybrid of timor and Arabica from the Roberta family. Compared with the old variety, it lacks rich aroma and taste, and has a relatively shallow smell of grass and soil, but it has the advantages of resistance to diseases and insect pests, easy management and high yield, and its yield per mu is up to 350kg, which is more than twice that of the old variety.

Katim Coffee Variety characteristics area treatment Manor introduction Anchor Point

There are two major native species under Arabica Arabica: iron pickup Typica | Bourbon Bourbon, other gene mutants: Kenya SL28, SL34 | geisha Geisha, etc., as well as Arabica intraspecific hybrids (such as the popular Pacamara), and Arabica and Robusta hybrids, all of which can not be listed, it is better to gradually pass practice and popularization in the future. In short, both Iron pickup and bourbon have excellent derivative varieties, such as Blue Mountain and Mantenin, which are all derivatives of Iron pickup, and bourbon from El Salvador in Central America often gets high marks in the COE selection. The high-priced boutique bean geisha Geisha is a little special. It is a wild Ethiopian variety that has been wild for up to 50 years before it spread to Central America. Some people like its special mocha flavor and scented tea, but it is really special.

Topdressing management: the average amount of fertilizer applied to young plants was 3-5kg of organic fertilizer, 50g of calcium magnesium phosphorus, 100g of urea and 50g of compound fertilizer. The average amount of fertilizer applied to adult plants was 7-10kg of organic fertilizer, 100g of urea, 150g of compound fertilizer, 50g of calcium magnesium phosphorus and 150g of potassium sulfate. Combined with growing period, flowering period, strong fruit, overwintering fertilizer 3Mel was applied for 5 times. If deficiency of trace elements occurs, attention should be paid to the application of compensation.

Water conservancy irrigation: coffee is a shallow root crop, and its flowering season is in the dry season in our province. Soil moisture and atmospheric humidity in the field seriously affect the quality of flowering, the development of floral organs and the formation of young fruits. Sufficient water, consistent flowering, high fruit setting rate, good fruit growth and development, otherwise poor, or even cause withered branches, the planted young trees will die because of drought. It is suggested that all new development areas should choose places with more convenient water sources and try their best to create conditions to solve the facilities of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation.

Shaded trees and ground cover

Coffee is a semi-shaded tree species, it is recommended to establish a moderate shade degree of 30%. In the site environment of growing coffee in our province, it is generally difficult to solve the problem of water conservancy and irrigation. the water season is in the dry season, and it is also the season to compete with other crops for water. It is not easy to rely on irrigation to meet the water demand in the coffee field. It is necessary to loosen the soil in time after the end of the rainy season and use ground dead cover and plastic film mulching (infancy).

Pruning and shaping

The use of single or double rod non-shaping, cut off excess erect branches, retain a strong branch and an appropriate amount of second or third branches, remove weak and disorderly branches, and keep the tree ventilated and transparent.

1. The state-run Lujiang Farm in Baoshan City planted 12.6 mu in March 1991. The land is unshaded and irrigated once in the dry season. The level of management and fertilization is above. In 1993, the average yield per mu was 75 kg in 1993, 350 kg in 1994, 225 kg in 1995, 217 kg in 1996, and 36% higher than Tiebika and Bobang (160 kg per mu).

2. Yunnan Dehong Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute 1991 planted 30 mu with no shade and anhydrous irrigation, with a medium level of fertilization and management. the average yield per mu was 304.3 kg in 1993, 294 kg in 1994, 222.5 kg per mu in 1995, 273.6 kg per mu in 1995 and 1996, and 82% higher than that of S288 (S288).

3. The covered field coffee base of Ning'er County Coffee Company planted 50 mu in July 1998. the site environment was unshaded, the level of management was medium, and the level of fertilization was low, but the soil fertility was high. Since 2000, the average yield per mu was 285kg in 2001,2002,340kg in 2002,293kg per mu in 2003,306kg per mu in three years, 53% higher than PT and 91% higher than P4 (PT). The average yield of P4 is 160 kg per mu.

Typica: the oldest native variety in Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan. All Arabikas are derived from Tibika. The flavor is elegant, but the physique is weak, the disease resistance is poor, the fruit yield is less. Excellent manor beans such as the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, Manning of Sumatra and Kona of Hawaii all belong to Tibika. Tiebika top leaf is red copper, called red top coffee, Tibika belongs to Arabica.

Catimor: in 1959, the Portuguese mixed Brazilian Kaddura and Timo to develop a disease-resistant Katim / Katimo, which is now an important variety of commercial beans. Coffee is a short-day plant. Coffee has the characteristics of multiple flowering and concentrated florescence. The florescence of small seed coffee in Yunnan is from February to July, and the flowering period is from March to May. The flowering of coffee is greatly affected by climate, especially rainfall and temperature. Coffee flowers have a short life span of only 2-3 days. Small seed coffee usually opens at 3: 5 in the morning, and it takes a long time for the fruit to bloom from 5 to 7 in the morning. It takes 8 to 10 months for the fruit of small seed coffee to mature, usually from October to December of the year. Rainfall has a great influence on fruit development, and climatic conditions directly affect fruit development.

The history of coffee cultivation in Yunnan can be traced back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted it in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. The coffee plants of this batch of coffee seeds are still blooming and bearing fruit in Binchuan County.

Yunnan coffee was planted on a large scale in the mid-1950s, with a planting scale of 4000 hectares at one time. By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in the province had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the planting area of the whole province accounts for 70% of the national area, and the output accounts for 83% of the whole country. Yunnan coffee has established the dominant position in China in terms of planting area and coffee bean production.

Bourbon coffee is a variety of small-grain coffee second only to Tibica. At first, the main branch and the trunk grew upward at 45 degrees, and drooped with fruit load, the lateral branches were denser, the fruit was more, and the yield was higher. But the berries are smaller and ripen more slowly. The top bud of Bobang is green, which is called green top coffee.