A brief introduction to the History and Culture of the Origin and Development of Yunnan small Coffee

Yunnan has a long history of growing coffee and has a unique climate advantage. Yunnan small grain coffee has the characteristics of strong but not bitter, fragrant but not greasy, slightly sour and so on. According to the International Coffee Organization, Yunnan small-grain coffee is similar to Colombian small-grain coffee in quality, and its products are highly competitive in the market. At present, 95% of China's coffee raw materials are produced in Yunnan. Therefore, Yunnan's coffee industry has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's coffee industry.

Zhukula Village is located on the hillside of the Yupao River, surrounded by green coffee forests. At this time, the clear sunshine of late autumn is shining warmly on the whole mountain village, as if it had been plated with a layer of gold, and there is still mist on the top of the hills. this is Zhu Kula, which is regarded as a paradise.

The quality of coffee depends on many factors, such as growing environment, climate, cultivation and management techniques and so on. Its excellent growth environment is low latitude, high altitude, sufficient rainfall and suitable sunshine, so the north latitude is 15. The ideal growing area for coffee is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer. Our planting base in Yunnan is located in 23 ℃ north latitude and 99 ℃ east longitude, with an elevation of 1230 meters, a height of 1540 meters, a height difference of 310 meters, a topography of mountains and slopes, and a large undulation, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night, these unique natural conditions have formed the special taste of Yunnan coffee-thick but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity, and the quality is similar to Colombian small grain coffee. Coffee fresh fruit is generally picked from November to February of the following year and processed by washing and wetting. Advanced imported equipment is used in coffee processing. At present, 30% of Yunnan coffee products are supplied to the domestic market and 70% are sold abroad.

Due to the excellent quality of Yunnan coffee, it was rated as a first-class coffee in the 1960s as "Lujiang No.1" and entered the London market. In recent years, world-famous coffee companies such as Nestle and McDonnell have come to Yunnan to open up raw material bases, and the products produced in Yunnan have gradually enjoyed the characteristics of Yunnan coffee at home and abroad: Yunnan coffee has formed a unique flavor of strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, with a little fruity flavor, evaluated by world-class coffee experts as the world's best coffee, and its cultivation techniques. The per unit yield is also among the best in the world. Yunnan coffee is a variant of Arabian species, commonly known as Yunnan small-grain coffee, evergreen shrub, with small kernels, thick peel, sweet pulp, mellow product and low caffeine content, so it is also called light coffee. It is the main cultivated variety in the world, catimor: Katim is not pure Arabica. It is a hybrid of Timor (belonging to Robusta) and caturra (a variety of Bobang), so catimor has 25% Robusta pedigree, and its Robusta pedigree also determines its taste defects: the aroma is not rich enough, and the overall taste is bitter, prone to astringent and more irritating mildew.

All the varieties planted in Pu'er area of Yunnan are catimor (Katim). In Baoshan City, typica and bourbon were introduced as early as the 1950s, and the locals called them "old varieties". Because the old varieties have low disease and insect resistance and yield, and the management is relatively expensive and manpower, coupled with the market purchase price does not have many advantages, brown farmers have changed to a new variety catimor in recent years. From the botanical point of view of coffee, Yunnan small Grain Coffee and the recognized best coffee varieties such as Jamaica Blue Mountain (Jamaica Blue Mountain) and Hawaii Kona (Kona) have genetic similarity between Typica and Bourbon, which are the two main coffee varieties in Yunnan. In 1991, the Catimor series was introduced from Kenya (with stronger anti-virus ability and higher yield). A variety of Arabian species (also known as small seed species). Because the morphology and habits of the two varieties are similar, the two varieties are mostly mixed.

"Yunnan Tiebika Typica Tibica / Tippika / Tippika Criolla Coffee Peas | Typica teacher Coffee Raw beans w.kaf.name"

In recent years, the local government is also fully aware of the importance of the protection and development of ancient coffee varieties in Yunnan, and regards coffee as a key industry for protection and development. The finance of Binchuan County allocates 100000 yuan of support funds every year to build the brand of "Zhu Kula century-old coffee". Yang Tiwu, director of the Economic Office of Pingchuan Town, is also resident in Zhukula Village to raise seedlings as a technician of seedling breeding of Zhukula Coffee. He said: "when we get to Zhukula Village, first, we should do a good job in the irrigation ditch (canal) of ancient coffee; second, we should control the diseases and insect pests of ancient coffee; and third, we should do a good job of pruning and interrupting to protect ancient coffee. On this basis, the next step is to do a good job in breeding. "

Now this pure old variety of coffee has been growing for seven months, and by next year, these seedlings can be provided to villagers in three nearby villages for planting free of charge. At that time, for every mu of coffee trees that survive, the villagers will be subsidized to plant 500 yuan to promote the development of the ancient coffee industry and let the descendants of the ancient coffee trees reproduce from generation to generation. For this, Qi Fenghua to lead the villagers to increase income and become rich also full of confidence into the village of Zhu Kula, a unique aroma of coffee. It turns out that after a hundred years of edification, drinking coffee has long become a living habit of the local Yi villagers. Villager Qi Fenghua said that men and women, young and old, all like to drink coffee, grind themselves with iron pots and grind themselves. However, the coffee processing process is kept secret, no wife, no daughter.

After drinking the original, simple coffee, we approached what is known as the oldest coffee forest in China. At this time, the ancient coffee trees have produced clusters of coffee beans, although they will not mature until next month, but some of them will show bright red. Qi Fenghua said that this forest is considered to be the oldest ancient coffee forest in China. There are 1134 plants in 13 mu, 24 of which have a history of more than 100 years, which were introduced and planted by French missionaries when they built a church in Zhu Kula in 1892. Local Tan Jialin said: "the reason why the 13 mu ancient coffee forest in Zhukula area is listed as the oldest coffee forest in China is that it has 24 ancient coffee trees more than 100 years old, all of which are pure Yunnan small-grain coffee. Its superior quality is very rare. It is the ancestor of Chinese coffee, especially Yunnan small-grain coffee, and has extremely high scientific research value and industrial development value."