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Katim coffee beans

Coffee plants and plant classification

Botanical classification of coffee

Characteristics of Rubiaceae in Coffee

Characteristics of Rubiaceae

Characteristics of three kinds of coffee beans

Let's subdivide the coffee plant botanically. Coffee is a shrub, part of the Rubiaceae family. There are only three taxonomic species out of 73. Arabica, Robsta and Liberia are important in today's world market. They produce three to 12 tons (2.8 to 109000 tons) per hectare. Each breed needs a specific number of trees to create descendants.

Arabica

Arabica (Arabica), the discovery and cultivation of the original plant to serve today's coffee drinks, may have originated in present-day Ethiopia. Although Arabica naturally contains the least caffeine, it has the most subtle and satisfying taste.

Arabica coffee trees usually grow 12 to 20 feet (3.7 and 6 meters) tall. Most Arabica coffee is picked by hand. This is partly because the land machines that grow in the mountains are usually inaccessible, but mainly because coffee pickers use ladders or a hook to choose the most mature coffee beans. The best farms are selected several times a season, and three times are the most common to ensure the choice of ripe coffee beans.

There are two varieties of Arabica: Bourbon and Typica. From these two varieties, the other sub-varieties are changed, and the known plant varieties are obtained.

Coffee Caturra

Coffee Bourbon

Bourbon

Many people think that this coffee is produced by the world's finest Arabica heirloom. The problem is that Bourbon requires a lot of space and care, is prone to disease, and trees take a long time to bear fruit and have a short life cycle. Bourbon produces coffee beans about more quickly than Typica 1/3 and its coffee fruit ripens faster, but they are more fragile. Bourbon grows best at an altitude of 3500 to 6500 feet (1067 to 1981 meters).

Typica

The variety, generally considered to be the original type of coffee, has a conical shape and is growing at a tilt. Although it grows well (slightly higher than Bourbon) and higher than most varieties, it is ten to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) tall and tends to be less productive.

Caturra

This variety, found in Brazil and developed from Bourbon cuttings, is designed as a hardy but highly maintainable plant. It grows luxuriantly below 3500 feet (1067 meters) above sea level, making it easy to select coffee fruits and grow close to the ground. Many concerned coffee-growing countries, such as Costa Rica, grow almost completely Caturra.

Other Arabica varieties

Which varieties are grown on coffee farms depends on the first soil quality, climate, disease resistance, productivity and yield are considered second. Quality finally, if at all, because coffee will not grow, is not a good crop.

The main varieties of Arabica (except Bourbon,Typica,Caturra) and their basic characteristics are as follows:

Coffee Blue Mountain

Coffee Catimor

Blue Mountain

The unique species of Blue Mountain, most of which grow in Jamaica, may be descendants of Typica, but its exact origin is still unknown. This is a long bean, famous for its great flavor and disease resistance, but it will not flourish in other areas. It is true that the Blue Mountains are best above 5000 feet (1524 meters) above sea level.

Catimor

Catimor Katim, developed in Portugal in the 1950s, comes from the Timor breed. It grows rapidly, produces high yields, and is at medium altitude, especially resistant to rust, which makes it attractive to many farmers. This is a mixture of Arabica and Robusta, which is considered to be the best coffee hybrid. It requires a lot of fertilization and rainfall.

Coffee Catuai

Coffee Mundo novo

Catuai

The breed is a cross between Caturra and enthusiastic Mundo novo. It is wind resistant and sturdy, making it suitable for stormy environments. Like Caturra, it is high maintenance but produces quality coffee.

Coffee Maragogype

Coffee Timor

Coffee Robusta

Maragogype

It was first found in Brazil that this descendant of Typica has grown larger and is taller than a family heirloom. It does not produce high yields, but its beans are large. Two Mariogype descendants are more popular. Pacamara is a hybrid PACA that grows in Panama. It offers a large size and award-winning aroma and taste. Geisha is a hybrid from Ethiopia Maragogype, which first grew in the early twentieth century. It is a precious connoisseur looking for a soy and satisfying sensory taste.

Pache Comum

The varieties found in Guatemala are likely to be descended from Typica, but do not consider high-quality coffee. This tenacious plant ranges from 3500 to 6000 feet above sea level.

Timor

Named the Indonesian island and its origin related Catimor variety, Timor is thought to have been found during the period of coffee wilt in the 1860s. This is a cross between Arabica and Robusta. Some industry experts regard East Timor as the savior because it seems to offer the best taste of Arabica and the disease resistance of Robusta. But some people fear that it provides too little flavor, and they think that Robusta is disguised as Arabica.

If a serious plant disease did not spread to several key coffee-growing areas in the 1860s, Arabica might be the only coffee grown in the world. Replace two other coffee varieties: Robusta and Liberica.

Coffee Canephora

Coffee Liberica

Robusta

Coffee growers once touted Robusta (Canephora coffee tree), which has twice the caffeine content of Arabica and high disease resistance, making it the best alternative to Arabica. Robusta coffee trees are shorter, making their fruits easier to pick, and they need less space between trees, allowing them to plant more. In terms of care and irrigation, Robusta quickly became a world commodity.

On the other hand, Robusta provides nuances in the taste of Arabica coffee. Good Robusta is comparable to low-grade Arabica in quality. This type of coffee is sold and traded as a commodity in the United States and Europe. Almost all of the best sales are espresso blends. The best attribute of Robusta is its body.

Liberica

In the 1870s, leaf rust was rampant throughout the Arabica coffee plantation. The taste of Liberica does not match the best Arabica coffee, and its yield per plant is lower than that of Robusta. At the same time, strong Arabica variants such as Caturra replace more vulnerable Bourbon planting.

Today, Liberica is booming in Southeast Asia. Sometimes, a small amount is available on the Internet, but it has no real market penetration into the United States or Europe.