Is Yunnan small grain coffee delicious? Yunnan small grains of coffee beans flavor taste characteristics how to rush to taste good?

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In the past two days, a piece of news that "99% of China's coffee is made in Yunnan" has gone viral on Weibo. With the help of the state in the past ten years, the coffee industry in Yunnan has risen, and at the same time, it has brought new ideas to get rid of poverty for many local poor areas. Today, 99% of China's Arabica coffee beans are grown in Yunnan.

What is a small grain of coffee?

Small coffee refers to Arabica coffee beans. At present, there are three major categories in the genus Rubiaceae, namely Arabica (small fruit coffee / Arabica), Robsta (medium fruit coffee / Robusta) and Laibirika (big fruit coffee / Liberica).

According to the records of Qianjie Coffee, the first coffee tree in Yunnan was planted in 1904 by Tian Deneng, a French missionary, in Zhukula Village, Pingchuan Town, Binchuan County, Dali. At that time, there was no excessive emphasis on coffee varieties. The missionary told us that the coffee tree with this small fruit was not detailed on which one.

After harvest and drying, the kernel part of the fruit (that is, the coffee bean part) has smaller particles, so the coffee beans grown in Yunnan were later recorded as small grains of coffee, so no matter what variety it is, as long as coffee beans belonging to the Arabica strain are called small grains of coffee?

Why is Yunnan suitable for growing coffee?

The best growing area for coffee is in the coffee golden belt of the Tropic of Cancer (between 28 and 38 degrees north latitude). Between 1000 and 2000m above sea level. There are places suitable for coffee growth in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hainan, but only Yunnan and Taiwan have to meet the high altitude environment.

The more coffee trees are planted at higher altitudes, the significant temperature differences between day and night at high elevations make coffee trees grow slowly, preserve more nutrients in the body, form more sugar aroma, and the better the flavor of coffee beans.

History of Coffee cultivation in Yunnan

At present, the variety of coffee widely cultivated in Yunnan is Katim, and iron pickup, bourbon and Rosa are planted in a small number of areas.

In the early days of coffee cultivation, the variety of iron pickup was widely planted in Yunnan. After genetic identification, these coffee trees are iron card varieties of small-grain coffee brought by missionaries to adapt to the local customs of Yunnan. In the mid-1950s, the state encouraged people to grow coffee beans in Yunnan in order to repay Soviet loans. After the fruit harvest ratio is dried, it will be purchased by one department and then exported.

At the end of the repayment, there were very few people in need of coffee in China at that time, so many farmers cut down coffee trees and planted other economic crops. In 1952, the scientific and technical staff of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences distributed 80kg coffee seeds to farmers in Lujiangba, Baoshan, and found that they had good adaptability and good quality, and Yunnan coffee cultivation developed again.

But this time, Yunyin Katim Coffee, which has been replanted in Yunnan, has really been taken seriously by Yunnan. In 1988, when Nestl é took a fancy to the treasure land of Yunnan and distributed Katim coffee trees that were better resistant to leaf rust, coffee trees were replanted and supplied to Nestl é. This is why Katim knows that coffee varieties are still grown in Yunnan.

Yunnan small grain coffee varieties

In the seventies and eighties of last century, coffee leaf rust broke out in many countries in Central and South America, which seriously affected coffee production. CIFC, a coffee research center in Portugal, crossed Tim Timor with Robusta gene and Kaddura Caturra in 1959 to develop a disease-resistant and high-yielding Katim Catimor in response to coffee leaf rust. In order to solve the disaster caused by leaf rust and encouraged by coffee organizations, widespread cultivation was introduced in Central and South America in the 1980s.

Yunnan was chosen by Nestl é in 1988, and Katim varieties of coffee trees that are better resistant to leaf rust were distributed. People replanted coffee trees and have been supplying them to Nestl é.

Because Katim has the gene of Robusta variety, its flavor is not as good as people want, and it is not good to drink directly, so everyone's influence on Yunnan coffee stays on instant coffee. However, with the promotion of boutique coffee culture, Katim coffee in Yunnan has been more scientifically cultivated and planted as well as the rise of post-processing methods, and the flavor and quality of coffee have also been greatly improved.

But Qianjie Coffee believes that if you want Yunnan coffee to taste good, you should start with the variety. So in 2013, Qianjie Coffee went to Lincang, Yunnan Province and began to grow iron truck varieties and a small number of bourbon varieties.

One of the reasons for choosing the tin card variety is that, as one of the oldest coffee varieties, the gene of the pure Arabica variety, which owns the pure Arabica variety, has always been recognized as a fine coffee variety because of its elegant and clean flavor. One reason is that the earliest coffee trees planted in Yunnan are also iron pickup varieties, brought in by French missionaries.

Is Yunnan small grain coffee delicious?

Compared with the tin card variety, although the Katim variety has the gene of Robusta, today's Katim in Yunnan is no longer the kind of flavor that is difficult to swallow. Under reasonable planting and traditional treatment, Yunnan Katim small-grain coffee will show the flavor of nuts, caramel and plums.

On the other hand, under the careful sun-drying of Qianjie coffee, the iron card variety shows a poor feeling of berries, brown sugar, nuts and black tea.

How to make Yunnan small grains of coffee?

All coffee beans sold in Qianjie Coffee are shipped within five days of the baking date. Only freshly roasted coffee beans can reflect the best flavor of coffee! In order to retain the sweet and sour and tea characteristics of Yunnan coffee, Qianjie coffee roasted it moderately. When brewing, you can use V60 filter cup, 1:15 powder-water ratio, medium grinding (about the size of coarse sugar / 75% of China 20 standard sieve), water temperature of 88-89 degrees.

Specific cooking methods: the first injection of 30g water, 30 seconds of steaming; the second small amount of water was injected around 125g, waiting for the powder bed water to half, and then injected into 225g, after all the drip filtration, the total extraction time was about 2 minutes and 10 seconds.