The past Life and present Life of Baoshan Coffee the Story of the Development of Baoshan Coffee

Professional coffee knowledge exchange more coffee bean information please follow the coffee workshop (Wechat official account cafe_style)

Baoshan, as one of the first areas in Yunnan to grow coffee, has been planted on a large scale since the 1950s and has a history of more than 60 years.

According to exact historical records, Baoshan coffee was first introduced into Lujiangba from Luxi Chaofang in 1952 by Yunnan Provincial Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Economic crops in Gaoligong Mountain Resort. In 1956, the state-run Lujiang Farm introduced Arabica series varieties to Lujiangba successfully.

At present, the planting area of Baoshan small-grain coffee is mainly distributed in the dry and hot valleys of the Nujiang and Lancang River basins, involving more than 20 hot towns in the city, with elevations ranging from 700m to 1700 meters above sea level. From 2013 to 2014, the planting area of small-grain coffee in the city was 200000 mu, with an output of 189700 mu, an output of 21000 tons and an agricultural output value of 420 million yuan. From 2014 to 2015, the planting area was 225000 mu, the production area was 195000 mu, the output was 30, 000 tons, and the output value was 600 million yuan. In 2016, the city's coffee planting area was 260000 mu, producing 134kg coffee beans per mu, with a total output of 35000 tons, with an output value of 1.01 billion yuan, including agricultural output value of 555 million yuan.

At present, coffee has become the agricultural product with the largest export earnings and online sales in our city. Coffee products are exported to Germany, Britain, France, Spain, Canada, the United States, Russia and other European and American countries, and have entered the Thai market for the first time. The annual export earnings exceeded 50 million US dollars, and online sales exceeded 200 million yuan.

A treasure conceived in a special environment

As we all know, coffee is originally the product of the equator to 15 degrees north latitude, and the coffee grown in the range of 15 degrees north latitude to the Tropic of Cancer is of the best quality. Although Baoshan has exceeded the scope of the Tropic of Cancer, Baoshan small grain caffeine is famous at home and abroad for its specific geographical area, climatic conditions and historical origin. With strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly sour taste, its taste is comparable to the world-famous Blue Mountain coffee, which is called "world-class" coffee by Turkish roasters. It won the title of "National Coffee Crown" at the National Coffee Conference in 1980, the highest Silver Award (without gold award) at the first China Agricultural Expo in 1992, and the World Eureka Gold Award in 1993. It was recognized as a certified trademark of small-grain coffee by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in 2010. in the same year, it was announced as a geographical indication protection product by the AQSIQ.

From the climatic characteristics, Baoshan small grain coffee producing area belongs to the northern tropical climate, with typical dry and hot valley climate characteristics, distinct dry and wet seasons, rain and heat at the same time, no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. The dry season is from October to April of the following year, with low humidity, less cloud cover, more sunny days, high daytime temperature and large temperature difference between day and night; May to September is the wet season, with more water vapor, heavy cloud cover, cloudy days, low daytime temperature and little temperature difference between day and night. This special climatic condition is very conducive to the growth of coffee and creates conditions for the formation of the unique quality of small coffee. In addition, the dry season coincides with the fruit development, maturity, picking and processing stage of Baoshan small grain coffee, and the climate characteristics of sufficient light and large temperature difference between day and night are extremely conducive to the accumulation of dry matter of coffee fruit. in particular, it is conducive to the accumulation of protein and fat substances which are closely related to the aroma of coffee, so that Baoshan small-grain coffee has the characteristics of rich aroma and mellow taste. On the other hand, the characteristics of low humidity in dry season and high temperature during the day are very conducive to the drying and storage of coffee beans, which is also one of the reasons for the unique quality of Baoshan small-grain coffee.

From the point of view of soil conditions, the soil of Baoshan small grain coffee producing area is alluvial dry red soil, which is characterized by deep and fertile soil layer, rich organic matter, high potassium content and weak acidity. This kind of soil has good physical and chemical properties, strong permeability, water and fertilizer conservation, which can provide comprehensive and sufficient nutrients for coffee, which is very conducive to the exuberant growth of coffee and the formation of nutrients. Especially the soil with weak acidity and high potassium content plays a very positive role in improving the stress resistance of coffee plants.

From the perspective of the management technology of the relevance of Baoshan's human factors, since 1886, a large number of missionaries from Britain, France, the United States, Italy, Germany and other countries have come to preach in western Yunnan, and brought economic plants from European and colonial countries to missionary places for planting and promotion. Baoshan coffee has been planted for more than 100 years, and large-scale cultivation has a history of more than 60 years, and has accumulated rich experience in planting management. The tradition of farmers in Baoshan small-grain coffee producing area taking organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer source, and the "shade cultivation mode under coffee-fruit tree compound planting forest" summarized by several generations of researchers of Institute of Thermal Economics of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc., laid a foundation for ensuring the quality of Baoshan small-grain coffee, and played a role in promoting the improvement of coffee quality.

A local characteristic industry with ups and downs

The unique quality of Baoshan small grain coffee makes it one of the most important export products of Baoshan City, exported to Europe and the United States, the Middle East, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and other countries and regions, as well as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, Hainan, Kunming and other domestic large and medium-sized cities. For a long time, Baoshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have been building it as a characteristic industry. and in view of the fact that the agricultural production infrastructure of small-grain coffee industry is relatively backward, the strength of leading enterprises is weak, the level of standardization is low, the level of operation and management is not high, the number of well-known brands is not many, and so on. Take scientific planning as the leader to promote the concentration of industry to the best suitable area, comprehensively improve the level of industrial specialized production on the basis of the construction of coffee demonstration park, promote industrial quality and efficiency by popularizing and applying scientific and technological measures, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading by building Baoshan small-grain coffee brand. promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, focusing on cultivating key leading enterprises, and opening up international and domestic markets with marketing publicity as the carrier, Powerful measures such as taking scientific and technological innovation as the driving force to improve the comprehensive efficiency of the industry Promote the rapid development of Baoshan coffee industry. However, as an export product, it does not have a "say" in the international market because it has not formed an international well-known brand and has not opened up a stable domestic and foreign market. As a result, the changes in international coffee prices have a great impact on the Baoshan coffee industry. The phenomenon of "cheap beans hurting farmers" has been inevitable. Baoshan small-grain coffee has had its ups and downs many times in more than half a century. Especially in recent years, with the general decline in the global economy and the increase in labor costs, Baoshan small-grain coffee is facing the double pressure of falling prices and rising production costs.

However, no matter the local government or the people in Baoshan hot area, as a gift from heaven, the coffee industry has become an industry that cannot be let go, and coffee production and processing is also moving forward in the midst of hardships. In particular, in December 2010, after being examined and approved by the AQSIQ, it was decided to implement the national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan small grain coffee", and then the city compiled the local standard for "geographical indication product Baoshan small grain coffee", which was approved and implemented by the state in April 2012. The protection of geographical indications of Baoshan small-grain coffee and the release and implementation of local standards, it has played a positive supporting role in improving the cultivation and primary processing technology level of Baoshan small-grain coffee, improving the product quality of small-grain coffee, and promoting the healthy and rapid development of Baoshan small-grain coffee industry. At present, the city's coffee planting area of 260000 mu, with production, processing manufacturers and professional cooperatives of nearly 120 households.

An industry that ushered in a golden period of development.

Although the dawn has not yet come, Baoshan coffee industry is the dawn of dawn. On the one hand, a series of favorable conditions, such as the national "Belt and Road Initiative" initiative and the construction of the Meng-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the policy support for Yunnan to speed up the development of agriculture with plateau characteristics, and the policies and measures for Baoshan to speed up the development of e-commerce industry, provide an opportunity to build Baoshan into a raw material export base for high-quality small-grain coffee beans in the world and the largest coffee trade center in China. On the other hand, although world coffee consumption has grown at an average annual rate of only about 2% in the past six years, coffee consumption in China has increased at a compound rate of about 25%. With the growth of the three main coffee consumer groups in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, China will usher in a golden decade for coffee development.

During the 13th five-year Plan period, Baoshan will firmly seize the great opportunity of "China's coffee consumption ushering in a blowout era", led by "agricultural scale", based on consolidating and upgrading the construction of coffee bases, focusing on improving the level of initial and intensive processing, and taking brand building and market expansion as breakthroughs, comprehensively promote the quality, efficiency, transformation and upgrading of Baoshan small-grain coffee industry, and at the same time, according to "strengthen enterprises and improve quality." The idea of "making fine products and making brands" should give full play to the advantages of Baoshan small-grain coffee germplasm resources and enhance the competitive advantage of small-grain coffee quality.

In terms of strengthening enterprises, it is necessary to change the mode of production, gradually improve the production level of agricultural mechanization of the coffee industry, save costs and increase efficiency; establish an alliance of leading enterprises to promote the organic combination of production, supply and marketing; and improve the level of industrial management.

In terms of quality, it is necessary to establish a traceability system of Baoshan small-grain coffee products to enhance consumer trust and shopping pleasure, and establish a standardization system of Baoshan small-grain coffee industry to provide standardization support for intensive and scientific development of the industry.

In terms of making refined products, we should actively explore and carry out cross-bank and cross-border cooperation to jointly improve the quality of small-grain coffee and forge the industrial culture of Baoshan small-grain coffee; it is necessary to establish a "small-grain coffee quality testing laboratory" with both international elements and Chinese characteristics, so as to solve the problem of "cheap beans hurting farmers" of small-grain coffee. Combined with the needs of public consumer groups, we should actively develop new products and coffee boutique estates to meet the needs of leisure culture development, so as to improve the comprehensive output value of the coffee industry.

In the aspect of brand, we should establish brand awareness, improve the proportion of fine coffee, and strengthen foreign exchanges and cooperation. By 2020, the total planting area of high-quality coffee will reach 300000 mu, and the total output will reach 50, 000 tons, of which boutique coffee accounts for about 40% of the total output. The output value of the coffee industry reached 2 billion yuan, the foreign exchange earned from exports reached 100 million US dollars, and the sales income of e-commerce reached 200 million yuan, making Baoshan the largest production, processing, trade and export base for high-quality small-grain coffee in the country.

World-renowned Baoshan small Coffee

In the 1950s, Baoshan Lujiang small grain coffee was rated as the first grade in the London market and was welcomed by consumers at home and abroad.

During the National Coffee Conference held in Baoshan in 1980, delegates praised Baoshan Lujiang small-grain coffee as "the top coffee in the country" by visiting and tasting it.

In 1983, Baoshan Lujiang small Coffee won the Beijing Export production Base Achievement Exhibition and the Honorary Certificate of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, and won the laudatory name of "Lujiang No.1" at the Guangjiao Conference.

In 1987, the technology president of Nestl é, Switzerland, visited Baoshan and praised it after drinking Baoshan coffee: "this is the first best cup of coffee I have ever had in China."

In 1992, at the first China Agricultural Expo, Baoshan Lujiang small grain coffee was awarded the highest silver award (no gold award).

In 1993, Baoshan granule was awarded the top grade and won the Eureka Gold Award at the 42nd Brussels Eureka Expo in Belgium.

In recent years, Baoshan small grain coffee has been accepted by more and more consumers because of its unique quality, and has become one of the coffee brands with great development potential. at present, it is mainly sold to major domestic large and medium-sized cities and exported to Germany, the United States, Japan, South Korea, the Middle East and other countries and regions. Guo Lizhen

Tasting expert: Baoshan small grain coffee is excellent.

From April 9 to April 11, 2010, the Management Committee of Geographical indication products Protection of Baoshan small Coffee invited eight well-known experts from Beijing, Shanghai, Taiwan and other domestic coffee industry, scientific research institutes, colleges and universities to hold a "Baoshan small Coffee Product Identification meeting" in Baoshan.

After the experts' tasting of the cups of small-grain coffee collected from different regions, different elevations and different varieties in our city, the experts believe that the main characteristics of Baoshan small-grain coffee are as follows:

Fragrance: with light aromas of jasmine, citrus chrysanthemum and sweet-scented osmanthus, it gives drinkers a fresh and elegant fragrance experience and an unforgettable taste.

Concentration: Baoshan small grain coffee shows soft bitterness, giving people a rich sense of taste.

Mellow: Baoshan small grain coffee is mellow, full-bodied, smooth and long-lasting.

Acidity: Baoshan small grain coffee has a refreshing, non-irritating sour taste, fascinating.

The evaluation results of Baoshan small-grain coffee cup by the expert group are as follows: strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, mellow, rich in oil, rich in acid, long-lasting, and is the top grade of coffee. Yu Fengchun

Baoshan small grains of Coffee rising and falling

Baoshan coffee has been planted on a large scale since 1952 and has a history of nearly 60 years. Baoshan coffee enjoys a high reputation in the international market because of its unique and excellent quality.

Reviewing the development history of Baoshan coffee industry, it has mainly experienced four stages. The first stage is the initial stage. In the 1950s, Baoshan small-grain coffee was successfully popularized and planted in Lujiang Dam, and the coffee area of the city was nearly 10,000 mu in 1960.

The second stage is the landslide stage. In the early and middle of 1960s, due to the influence of market and diseases, the planting shrank. By the end of 1970s, the area of coffee in the city was only 3000 mu.

The third stage is the recovery stage. In the late 1980s, with the assistance of the United Nations Development Program in Yunnan and the participation of coffee specialization groups such as Nestle and McDonnell, the price of coffee heated up to 30 yuan per kilogram, and Baoshan Coffee started again. By 1997, the planting area of coffee in the city was nearly 30,000 mu.

The fourth stage is the stage of rapid development. Since the start and implementation of the province's biological resources development project, Baoshan small-grain coffee industry has developed by leaps and bounds. At present, coffee is grown in 25 townships in five counties (cities and districts) of the city, with a planting area of 260000 mu and a total output of 35000 tons, with an output value of 1.01 billion yuan in 2016. (Xia Youcui)

As the best coffee, Baoshan small Coffee will show its "king" demeanor in the spring tide of industrial development.

As a gift from heaven, more coffee lovers will be able to share the essence of "national beans".

END