Coffee trees to prevent pests Coffee trees are easy to get leaf rust how to prevent oriental fruit flies

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The human body will inevitably get sick, and plants will also encounter diseases and insect pests. Of course, coffee trees also have their diseases and insect pests. There are many coffee growers in Taiwan who often assure customers that Taiwan coffee is free from diseases and insect pests and is the safest food. Coffee is a very safe food, there is no doubt (refers to the problem of pesticide residues), but no matter where coffee is grown, no matter at home or abroad, it will be affected or infected by a variety of diseases and insect pests. When we encounter diseases and insect pests, it is inevitable to carry out prevention and control work, whether using chemical pesticides or biological organic control, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in coffee plantations. Otherwise, the range of yield damage caused by diseases and insect pests can reach more than 80%. At least it will affect the appearance of coffee beans and reduce the quality of coffee beans.

At present, the main coffee pests found in Taiwan are shell insects, oriental fruit flies, coffee bark moths, flat snail moths, longicorn beetles, poisonous moths, leaf miners, beetles and snails. The most serious damage of ostracods is powder shell, followed by hard shell and round shell. In Rwanda in Africa, the coffee fruit beetle (Coffee Berry Borer, CBB) is very common and is an important pest in the harvest. When the fruit is about to mature, the female adult drills into the fruit and lays the eggs in the fruit. After the eggs are hatched, the larvae drill into the seeds to eat the seeds. Make the seeds (coffee beans) lose their commercial value.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in coffee trees

Four common diseases and insect pests in coffee trees-(1) leaf rust (2) anthrax (3) coffee fruit beetle [drill fruit worm] (4) oriental fruit fly. These four kinds of diseases and insect pests are also the main diseases and insect pests in Taiwan. Other diseases and insect pests will be omitted for the time being and will be introduced later.

(1) Leaf rust (Leaf Rust) is one of fungal diseases. The pathogen likes to be wet and cool, and the serious infection is in spring and autumn. The optimum temperature for its robe germination is between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. At the initial stage of the disease, there will be protruding light yellow powder on the back of the leaves, and the disease spot will cause the fallen leaves to kill the whole coffee tree, so leaf rust can be called the "Black death" of the coffee industry. It is less likely to happen in places where the sun is strong, and it is more likely to occur in cool places with more clouds, especially after the rainy season. )

(2) anthracnose (Coffee anthracnose Disease) is also a kind of fungal disease, but it can endure high temperature, up to 30 ℃-33 ℃. It will generally infect green fruit and cause brown sunken spots, there will be light pink robes on the surface, and even infect branches and leaves, resulting in black withering of branches and falling fruit, commonly known as "fruit rot." (coffee trees need to be thinned and pruned to maintain good ventilation and adequate sunshine.)

(3) Coffee bark beetle (Coffee Berry Borer) is also known as coffee fruit beetle or drill beetle. It was first recorded in 1867 and was discovered in Africa in 1901 and 1903. At present, it is the most serious pest in coffee producing areas in the world, mainly harming the fruits of trees and raw beans after harvest. The flying ability of coffee bark beetle is not strong, and most of the sales of raw beans spread from place A to place B, and even to other parts of the world. The insect likes to be wet and is often hidden in the fruit drop, and sometimes the offspring of the "fruit bark beetle" in the fruit drop on the ground is much more than the fruit on the tree.

(4) Oriental fruit fly (Qriental fruit fly)-when the fruit is 6 or 7 minutes ripe.

Oriental fruit flies can easily find its tracks, especially suitable for living in coffee gardens between 400 meters and 600 meters above sea level, so it is the most important pest of coffee in Taiwan. The female lays eggs under the skin of the "yellow ripe fruit", and the larvae eat the flesh and make the fruit rot and drop, thus reducing the yield of coffee. In particular, the climate in southern Taiwan is relatively warm in winter, which should be paid special attention to. )

"Prevention and management methods:

(1) the symptoms of leaf rust (Leaf Rust) will become more and more serious year by year, and enter the withering period from the seventh to the tenth year.

* Pesticide control-

1.75% Carboxin wettable powder (Oxycarboxin) was diluted 1500 times. The dosage is 1 kg per hectare. In the early stage of the disease, it was administered once every 7 days.

The dosage of 250% trifluoromide water dispersible granules (Trifloxystrobin) was 0.2kg per hectare and diluted 6000 times. It was applied every 7 days for three times in a row.

(2) Coffee anthracnose (Coffee anthracnose Disease) mainly occurs in African coffee producing countries, and it also occurs in Taiwan at present, so coffee farmers should be particularly careful.

* Pesticide control-140g Rejing wettable powder (Iminoctadine tris) diluted 1500 times. From the early stage of flowering, the fungicide was applied every 10 days, 4 times in a row. Results after that, the drug was applied every 14 days for 4 consecutive times.

225.9% Dirichlet Water-based Emulsion (Tebuconazole), the usage is the same as above.

(3) Coffee bark beetle (Coffee Berry Borer) should collect and destroy all the immature or fallen fruits on the tree and on the ground as far as possible after the mature fruit of coffee is harvested.

* Pesticide control-

The main results are as follows: 1 the female of coffee bark beetle can be effectively attracted by industrial methanol at the ratio of 1:1.

2 use natural enemies or entomogenous fungi for biological control, such as parasitic wasps (wasps)

3 Endosulfan insecticide.

(4) Oriental fruit fly (Qriental fruit fly) is a worldwide pest, which should not be ignored by coffee growers in Taiwan.

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