Can I grow coffee anywhere? How to grow coffee beans? coffee beans are suitable for growing strips.

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Coffee is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree of Rubiaceae. It is a horticultural perennial cash crop with the characteristics of fast growth, high yield, high value and wide market. Wild coffee trees can grow to a height of 5 to 10 meters, but coffee trees planted on the manor are often cut to less than 2 meters in order to increase their fruit and facilitate harvesting. Coffee tree opposite leaves are long oval, smooth leaves, the end of the branch is very long, few branches, and the flowers are white, open at the base of the petiole connecting the branch. The ripe coffee berries look like cherries and are bright red with sweet flesh and contain a pair of seeds, namely coffee beans (Coffee Beans).

Coffee varieties can be divided into small-grain, medium-grain and large-grain species, the former contains low caffeine content and strong flavor, while the latter two have high caffeine content but poor flavor. At present, coffee sold in the world is generally made of small and medium seeds in different proportions, usually 70% of medium seeds, mainly caffeine, and 30% of small seeds, mainly for their aroma. Each coffee variety generally has a few to a dozen variants. Coffee is more resistant to shade and cold, but not resistant to light, drought and disease. Coffee contains nine kinds of nutrients, such as caffeine, protein, crude fat, crude fiber and sucrose. As a beverage, coffee is not only mellow and delicious, slightly bitter and sweet, but also can excite nerves and dispel fatigue. In medicine, caffeine can be used as an anesthetic, stimulant, diuretic and cardiotonic, as well as to help digestion and promote metabolism. The pulp of coffee is rich in sugar and can be used to make sugar and alcohol. Coffee flowers contain essential oils that can be used to extract high-grade spices.

Coffee can not be grown in any environment, because it is originally a plant growing in a tropical rain forest. In systematic development, coffee forms the habit of calm wind, cool, shaded or semi-shaded and humid environment. Therefore, coffee has strict requirements on planting conditions. We call the strips on both sides of the equator, between latitudes 25 degrees south and north, suitable for coffee growth as coffee belts.

I. Coffee climate and local conditions

The cultivation of coffee is mainly limited by temperature, and the suitable temperature is 15 ℃ 24 ℃. If it exceeds 30 min, it is easy to burn the leaves. Therefore, in tropical areas, most species are selected in high altitude fields, and coffee is very weak in resistance to frost damage, so planting should be avoided in places prone to frost damage. The average rainfall of 1500Mel 2500 mm is better, and the dry and low temperature environment is preferred in winter, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and harvest drying.

The traditional coffee growing area is about between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, called the coffee belt (Coffee zone), which is an ideal coffee growing area.

Coffee has a low requirement for sunshine, especially Arabica, which has a low tolerance to strong sun, so Arabica can use shade trees to reduce direct sunlight.

The root of coffee has a high demand for oxygen, so the soil must have good drainage. Arabica is the most suitable for pozzolanic geological soil. Robusta is suitable for growing in soil rich in humus, and the suitable pH value is between 5.2 and 6.2.

Second, the propagation and cultivation of coffee

Coffee can be propagated by seeds, grafting or cuttings, but it is still propagated mainly by seeds. The fresh seeds germinated about 8 weeks after sowing, and the seedlings could be planted at about 20m / m ~ 30cm after sowing. The suitable month was from December to March. The best distance between rows and plants is 3.5 × 3.5 meters.

Third, the pruning of coffee

Coffee began to bear fruit after 3-4 years of planting, and after several years of harvest, the fruit gradually grew to the end of the fruiting branch, resulting in a decline in yield and quality. There are two ways, one is for the whole coffee garden, the plants are renewed in turn with different multiples, and the other is to keep each coffee plant with 3 main branches, and each main branch is renewed in turn to maintain good tree potential and fruit quality.