The evolution of coffee drinking patterns chopping coffee fruits into balls with oil

Ethiopia used to chop up coffee fruits and use oil to crush them into balls and eat them as food. This practice spread to Arabia, where coffee seeds were chopped and boiled and spiced to become "Cafe ala Sultana", the earliest coffee drink in history.

Turkish coffee is brewed with utensils similar to long-handle spoons (Ibrik), a traditional method that thickens deep-roasted coffee. Today, espresso machines are used in Italy to brew coffee, which is the result of improvements made by Venetian merchants after introducing Turkish coffee into Italy.

The roasting degree of espresso is lighter than that of Turkish coffee. After it was introduced into France, it was called French coffee, and the roasting degree was a little shallower. After that, it was introduced to other countries, so there was German coffee, American coffee and so on, and the roasting degree became shallower and shallower. Drinking coffee is of religious significance in Arabia and Turkey. As the roasting degree is getting lighter and shallower, coffee has gradually become a popular drink like tea.