Ten greatest inventions of Muslims: coffee and chess

When it comes to coffee, shampoo, checks, torpedoes and other terms, people are no stranger, but not everyone knows who invented these things. According to a report in Russia's Truth newspaper on December 19, these are included in the 10 greatest inventions of Muslims.

The 10 inventions are:

1. Coffee: in Ethiopia, an Arab shepherd found that his sheep became active after eating a red fruit and made himself the world's first cup of coffee.

two。 Chess: the chess that people are familiar with today was developed in Persia, and the word "chariot" in chess comes from Persian.

3. Parachute: more than 1000 years before the Wright brothers invented the plane, an Arab built an aircraft out of wood and cloak, and his aircraft is believed to be the first prototype of a parachute.

4. Shampoo: the Arabs combined vegetable oil with spice oil containing sodium hydroxide and introduced shampoo to England in 1795.

5. Metal armor: whether the technique of putting fillers and stitching in two layers of cotton cloth was invented in the Islamic world, or whether it came from India and China is unknown, but it is certain that the West learned it after the Crusades.

6. Surgery: the surgical instruments used today are exactly the same as those designed by a 10th century Muslim surgeon named Zaharawi. Another Muslim doctor described the concept of blood circulation in the 13th century, 300 years earlier than William Harvey.

7. Soup: in the 9th century, an Iraqi brought the concept of a "three-course" meal to Cordoba, which began with soup, followed by fish or meat, and finally fruit.

8. Payment cheques: in the 9th century, Muslim businessmen were able to cash cheques issued by the Bank of Baghdad in China to pay for the goods.

9. Torpedo: in the 15th century, Muslims invented the so-called "pear bomb with booster function", or torpedo, which frightened the European army at that time.

10. Windmill: in 634 AD, a Persian caliph invented a windmill to irrigate farmland, 500 years before it was first seen in Europe.