Species of coffee trees in Arabica, Robusta and Liberia
Types of coffee trees
At present, the best quality coffee beans in the world mainly come from Arabica, Robusta and Liberia, which are mainly proud of the coffee trees in the three places.
1. Arabica coffee tree
The country of origin is Ethiopia, and its coffee bean production accounts for 70% of the world's output; the world-famous Blue Mountain Garffin, mocha coffee and so on are almost all Arabica species. Arabica coffee trees are suitable for growing in high mountains with large temperature difference between day and night, as well as low humidity and well-drained soil; the ideal altitude is 2000 meters, the higher the altitude, the better the quality. Arabica coffee trees require fertile soil, sufficient moisture, proper sunshine and shade, poor resistance to diseases and insect pests, and low annual output per unit area.
2. The Robusta coffee tree originated in the Congo in Africa, and its output accounts for about 20% of the world's output. 30%. The Robusta coffee tree is suitable for planting in the lowlands below 500 meters above sea level, has a strong adaptability to the outside world, can resist adverse weather and insect pests, and does not need much manual care during soil preparation, weeding and pruning, and can be allowed to grow in the wild. It is a kind of coffee tree that is easy to cultivate. But its flavor is more bitter than Arabica, and its quality is much lower, so it is mostly used to make instant coffee. In general, the coffee sold in fast food restaurants mainly uses Robusta coffee beans as the material. Because it is made in Africa, most Africans drink robusta coffee. Robusta coffee trees have strong resistance to diseases and insect pests and are not vulnerable to agricultural diseases. the annual output of coffee trees per unit area is higher and can be harvested in large quantities by machine. generally speaking, the production cost is lower than that of Arabica coffee.
3. The Liberian coffee tree is from Liberia in Africa, and its cultivation history is shorter than that of the other two kinds of coffee trees, so the planting place is limited to a few places such as Liberia, Suriname, Gaiana and so on. As a result, the output accounts for less than 5% of the world's output. The coffee tree of Liberia is suitable for planting in the lowlands, and the coffee beans produced have a strong aroma and bitter taste.
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The growing environment of coffee trees evergreen trees of the subgenus Rubiaceae
The formation environment of coffee trees in botany, coffee trees belong to the evergreen trees of the subgenus Rubiaceae, and coffee beans, commonly known as coffee beans, are actually the seeds of the fruit of coffee trees, just because they are shaped like beans, so they are called coffee beans. Climate is the decisive factor for coffee cultivation. Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, so the zone between latitude 25 degrees south and north is generally called
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The growth cycle of coffee and picking coffee beans are the seeds of coffee trees.
Coffee beans are the seeds of coffee trees. After three or four years of growth, the coffee tree matures and begins to bear fruit, with one fruit arranged in clusters or clusters along the branches. The outside of the seed is a layer of peel, which can be picked as soon as it turns red. Under the red skin (exocarp) there is a layer of pulp (mesocarp), which is a small thin layer, and then a layer of material endocarp like parchment. In
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