World Map of Coffee beans-- introduction of 53 coffee producing areas in the world

twenty-one. Venezuela

Oil was once considered to be the main export of Venezuela. Although coffee trees were introduced from Martinique in 1730 and Venezuela, coffee production was almost abandoned at the height of the oil industry. Recently, coffee plantations have begun to recover, with the original planting of Tipica and bourbon coffee trees and new plantations laying the foundation for coffee exports. Currently, most Venezuelan coffee is exported to Russia and Colombia, where it is repackaged. Many small newly rebuilt plantations have also begun to export coffee on their own.

The coffee industry is not very prominent among the many industries in the country. The best coffee producing area in Venezuela is the southwestern state of Tachira. But the name Tazira has been indiscriminately used for coffee beans across the country.

The best coffee names in Venezuela are: Montebello (San Crist ó bal de Tachira) in Tazira, Miramar (Rubio) in Rubio de Tachira, Granija (Timothe) in Merida, Ala Granija in Santa Anna de Tachira (Santa Anna de Tachira) in Tazira. Other premium brands include Maracaibos (the name of the coffee export port), Merida, Trujillo (Trujillo), Santa Filomena and Cucuta.

One of the many plantations in Merida at the foot of the Andes belongs to the Pablo and Pulido families, an ancient farm that has been allowed to downsize. Since taking over the farm in the early 1980s, the Pulido family has harvested coffee from existing bourbon coffee trees and planted new trees to expand the farm.

The area around Caracas, once famous for its coffee, has resumed production. Another Jean and Andries from Turgua. Tippica Coffee trees are also planted on the Andres Boulton plantation.

Venezuelan coffee tastes different from other coffee in Latin America. It is delicious, light and less sour than traditional coffee, which makes it not only blended but also distinctive.

twenty-two. Suriname

An important name in the history of coffee

Suriname (Surinam) was the first country in South America to grow coffee, and Norway was once a major importer of coffee products. However, the country's output is very small today, and it is mentioned here only for historical reasons.

The Dutch, who settled in Suriname in 1667, introduced coffee trees from Java in the early 18th century. The first coffee trees were given by the mayor of Asmstedan to a Flemish pirate, a Hansback. To be exact, these coffee trees were planted in the then Dutch Guiana area (Dutch Guyana), and a few years later, they were widely planted in the neighboring French Guina area. At that time, there was a French criminal named Mourgues, who was promised that if coffee trees were introduced into French colonies, he would be granted a pardon and the right to enter and leave France freely.

twenty-three. Angola

Used to be a big coffee producer, but now its future is uncertain

In the mid-1970s, Angola (Angola) exported 3.5 million bags of coffee a year, 98 per cent of which was Robbins (probably the best in Africa), but total production fell to 200000 bags in 1990.

The best brands in Angola used to be Ambriz, Amborm and Novo Redondo, all of which are known for their consistent quality. Most of Angola's coffee is exported to the United States, the Netherlands and, of course, Portugal.

twenty-four. Burundi

Fragrant, soft-tasting coffee from war-torn areas

Burundi has the most diverse and successful coffee industry in the world, and has its own characteristics. Coffee in this country was introduced by Belgian colonists in 1930 and is now grown only on small farms. Unfortunately, many of these farms are on the border with war-torn Rwanda, putting pressure on coffee production. Almost all coffee produced in Burundi is Arabian coffee beans, while coffee trees in Ngozi are planted at an altitude of more than 1200 meters. Burundian coffee has a rich aroma and excellent acidity, and most of its products are exported to the United States, Germany, Finland and Japan.

twenty-five. Cameroon

Deep-roasted coffee beans suitable for espresso

The cultivation of Arabica coffee trees in Cameroon (Cameroon) began in 1913 as the Blue Mountain Coffee from Jamaica, but the country also produces large quantities of Robbins coffee. The quality and characteristics of Cameroon coffee is similar to that of coffee from South America. The best coffee in the country comes from Bamileke and Bamoun in the northwest. Here, it also grows some giant coffee beans and bean-shaped berry coffee.

Since the late 1980s, coffee production in Cameroon has declined, from 1.8 million bags in 1987 to 1.1 million bags in 1990, while Arabica coffee has dropped from 400000 bags to 200000 bags in the same period. Now, due to the strengthened management of the National Coffee Supervision Bureau (National Coffee Supervisory Agency), the output and quality of coffee may pick up.

twenty-six. Ethiopia (Ethiopia)

The birthplace of coffee-Ethiopia

The coffee tree originated in Ethiopia, which was originally a wild plant here. The name "coffee" comes from the Ethiopian town of "Kaffa". In fact, many coffee trees in Ethiopia are still wild plants, and the coffee grown on this coffee tree is full-grained and slightly alcoholic. Humans may have known how to grow coffee trees as early as the 9th century, but who, how and why is still a mystery. The local legend in Ethiopia is that coffee began to be used by monks to keep a clear head when praying at night.

Today, Ethiopia is an important coffee producer, with about 12 million people engaged in coffee production and a major exporter of Arab coffee beans in Africa. The high-quality coffee here is of excellent quality and is worth looking for.

Various forms of coffee cultivation can be found in Ethiopia: everything from wild coffee forests and semi-developed land to traditionally operated plots to modern plantations. About 50% of the coffee is grown more than 1500 meters above sea level.

Harrar coffee is the highest growing area of all coffee in Ethiopia. Hara coffee can be divided into long coffee beans and short coffee beans, of which long coffee beans are the most popular. It has a soft taste, with wild flavor of wine, and slightly sour taste, unforgettable after drinking. Djimmah Coffee is wild at an altitude of more than 1200 meters and is sold under two brands: Limu Coffee and Babeka Coffee. Other coffee names include Sidamo coffee from central China, which is sold under the brand name Yirgachaffe, and coffee from Lekempti, which has a unique flavor. Jima and Cedamo beans have an unpleasant appearance but a good taste.

One of the rarest Ethiopian coffee beans on the market is Ilgachafi, which is exported to Japan and Europe but is rarely seen in the United States. This is because Dallmeyer, the German coffee roaster owned by Nestl é, has established close ties with the growers of Ilgachafi coffee, thus obtaining the largest single supply of the coffee beans.

The flavor of Ethiopian coffee is difficult to describe. It is neither strong nor sour. Therefore, it is not suitable for deep baking, otherwise it will easily lose its characteristics.

In terms of characteristics, Ethiopian coffee is somewhat similar to the famous mocha coffee. Of course, high-quality Ethiopian coffee can be compared with the best coffee from all over the world, including its considerable price.

Ethiopia has the highest domestic consumption of coffee in Africa. In the countryside, it is often drunk with a vanilla called Health of Adam: the new coffee beans are roasted and mashed with the vanilla, then mixed and drunk in a small teacup, which is often served with pancakes to extract the sweet pepper flavor from the pancakes.

The coffee industry is managed by the Ethiopian Coffee Company (the Ethiopian Coffee Marketing Corporation, or ECMC), which controls 90 per cent of the export market. It is possible that control of Ethiopian coffee companies is about to be relaxed to give greater local power, a move that will benefit the coffee industry as a whole, especially individual businessmen. Ethiopian coffee is sold at daily auctions, mostly exported to Germany, the United States, France and Japan.

twenty-seven. C ô te d'Ivoire

In terms of quantity, it is one of the largest producers in the world.

C ô te d'Ivoire te d'lvoire has never produced the best quality coffee, and it rarely comes from Arabian coffee trees. In the early 1980s, it was the world's third-largest coffee producer, with an annual output of 5 million bags. Even today, it is still the fifth largest coffee producer in the world, with an annual output of 4.4 million bags. In terms of coffee production, C ô te d'Ivoire is second only to Indonesia (6.8 million bags per year).

In the 1980s Ivorian coffee produced only 250 kilograms per hectare. This is partly due to poverty, but also to the aging of coffee trees. Lack of investment and lack of long-term business plans have also affected coffee production.

The Government of C ô te d'Ivoire has begun to take positive measures to reverse the situation. The National Coffee Management Committee has been reorganized and streamlined, and some production activities have been transferred to private companies for management. The government provides a minimum price guarantee to farmers who produce high-quality coffee and encourages exporters to buy directly from farmers. Today, 80% of exported coffee has found a market in European Community countries, with the main buyers being France and Italy.

It is worth noting that C ô te d'Ivoire is the main centre of coffee smuggling, with as many as 2600 tons of coffee smuggled between 1993 and 1994, mainly through the neighbouring countries of Mali (Mali) and Guinea (Guinea).

twenty-eight. Kenya

Rare good coffee-famous for its rich aroma and balanced acidity.

People in the coffee industry all think that Kenyan coffee is one of its favorite products, because Kenyan coffee contains every feeling we want from a good cup of coffee. It has wonderful and satisfying aromas, well-balanced acidity, well-proportioned particles and excellent fruit flavors.

Coffee entered Kenya in the 19th century, when Ethiopian coffee drinks were imported into Kenya through southern Yemen. But it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that the Bourbon Coffee Tree was created by St. Austin Mission (St). Austin Mission) is introduced.

Kenyan coffee is mostly grown at an altitude of 1500 to 2100 meters and is harvested twice a year. To ensure that only ripe berries are picked, people must tour the forest about seven times. Kenyan coffee is grown by small farmers. After they harvest the coffee, they first send the fresh coffee beans to the cooperative cleaning station. The washing station sends the dried coffee to the cooperative in the form of "parchment coffee beans" (that is, coffee beans covered with endocarp) to the cooperative ("parchment coffee beans" is the last state of coffee beans before peeling). All the coffees are collected together, and growers charge an average price according to their actual quality. This trading method generally works well and is fair to both growers and consumers.

The Kenyan government takes the coffee industry very seriously, where it is illegal to cut down or destroy coffee trees. Kenyan coffee buyers are world-class buyers of premium coffee, and no country can grow, produce and sell coffee on a continuous basis like Kenya. All coffee beans are first acquired by the CBK (coffee Board of Kaeya), where they are identified, rated, and then sold at weekly auctions, where they are no longer graded. Kenya Coffee Council only acts as an agent, collecting coffee samples and distributing them to buyers so that they can determine price and quality. Nairobi auction is for private exporters The Kenya Coffee Commission pays growers a price below the market price. the best coffee is bean berry coffee (PB), followed by AA++, AA+, AA, AB and so on. Good coffee is shiny, delicious and slightly alcoholic.

Auctions are also organized to meet the needs of dispatchers. This kind of auction usually has a small auction volume (3-6 tons each), with samples with the grower's logo for buyers to enjoy. After the auction, the exporters pack according to different flavors, different qualities and the quantity required by the blenders. This provides a great deal of flexibility for the dispatcher. Quality-conscious Germans and Scandinavians are long-term buyers of Kenyan coffee.

Internationally, the increase in the number of Kenyan coffee is obvious. From 1969 to 1970, 800000 bags were exported, and from 1985 to 1986, exports increased to 2 million bags. Now the yield is stable at 1.6 million bags, with an average yield of about 650kg per hectare.

Even before coffee prices skyrocketed in recent years, the average price of coffee in Kenya had been rising. Prices from 1993 to 1994 were 50% higher than they were 12 months ago. The price rise is mainly the result of increased demand.

Some buyers, especially Japanese businessmen, have expressed dissatisfaction with the Kenyan coffee industry system. others say the quality of coffee in the country has declined and point out that buying directly from farmers may be a way to improve quality. but in any case, Kenya's detailed rules and regulations and sound procedures are a model for all coffee-producing countries to learn from.

Kenyan Coffee became more famous with the sensation of the Hollywood movie Out of Africa. Merrill in the film? Karen, the heroine played by Maryl Streep, is a writer and coffee planter. Many people may still remember the beautiful scenery and the magnificent sunset in the film, but what is even more unforgettable is Karen's dream of having a coffee plantation in Africa.

twenty-nine. Madagascar

Since 1989, the coffee industry on the island has been privatized and many regulations have been lifted, with a total output of about 1 million bags a year. As Malagasy people like to drink coffee, the domestic consumption of coffee is very high. The country's Robbins coffee is of excellent quality and France is its main export market.

The Government of Madagascar plans to have about 2000 hectares of coffee on the Robart Coffee Plantation and about 5000 hectares of Arabica Coffee Plantation. Therefore, the development of the island coffee depends on its potential in Arabian coffee, and once successfully developed, this coffee is expected to become the best.

thirty. Mozambique

There is no coffee supply.

Political problems and internal strife have brought Mozambique, once a booming coffee industry, to a standstill. High-quality coffee was once produced in the Manica region in the middle of the country, but now the country has no coffee to export.

thirty-one. Rwanda

High quality coffee comes from washed Arabica beans, which has a unique and perfect flavor.

Rwanda coffee is absolutely high quality in the form of washed Arabica beans. In the case of Africa, its coffee industry is eye-catching because the country thrives mainly by producing the best possible beans.

The taste of Rwandan coffee is described as "grass aroma" with tropical climates. the country's fertile soil and suitable climate help plants grow, and coffee trees seem to be driven or forced to grow upward, or because they grow too fast to produce excellent coffee beans. but in any case, the soft and rich taste of the country's coffee is great.

thirty-two. St. Helena, I.

Napoleon believed that the only good thing from the island was coffee.

St. Helena (St Helena) is located in the Atlantic Ocean, 2000 km from Africa and 3500 km from Brazil, with a population of about 5000. Of course, the island is famous because Napoleon was exiled after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and died on the island in 1821.

Coffee was first grown on the island of St. Helena in 1732 and was transported from Yemen on a ship called the Houghton. Although some other introduced plants have failed since the 1860s, coffee has taken root and flourished here.

The island also experienced a coffee improvement movement, where in the mid-1980s, David? David Henry began to devote himself to the development of the coffee industry on the island in order to produce the best quality coffee. Coffee trees on St. Helena are grown entirely on natural conditions, with no machinery, no tractors, and even miscellaneous trees that have been cut down to make room for new coffee trees are recycled.

thirty-three. Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

Arabian coffee beans with small quantity, high quality and soft and rich taste

The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (Tome é and Principe), a volcanic archipelago, is the second smallest independent country in Africa and was once a Portuguese colony, which did not win independence until 1975. The equator crosses the archipelago, where the climate is hot and humid, the land is fertile, well irrigated and rich in coffee.

The country imported Arabica coffee from Brazil in 1800, and 98% of its products are still Arabica coffee. But only 1000 bags of coffee are exported each year, most of them to Scandinavia.

thirty-four. South Africa

It is fragrant with less acidity, reminiscent of coffee beans from Central America.

Coffee production in South Africa (South Africa) is mainly in the northeast of the country, from Natal between Transvaal and Mozambique, extending northward to Transvaal, with the southernmost limit of latitude 30 °S; further south, coffee cannot be grown due to the harm of early frost.

The country's coffee trees originated in Kenya and are of excellent quality. Only 1000 hectares of arable land was used to grow coffee trees in 1975, but a new nine-year plan was drawn up in 1987 to expand the area of arable land, resulting in an additional 6000 hectares of arable land.

Interestingly, the fruit from the country's coffee trees is more like Central American coffee beans (while Kenya is the origin of the tree), with a fragrant flavor and less acidity.

thirty-five. Tanzania

Gourmet coffee has soft acidity and attractive aroma, which is absolutely worth enjoying.

Coffee exports from Tanzania (Tanzania) play an important role in the whole national economy. Bean-shaped berry coffee is very productive and is said to be more fragrant than ordinary coffee. Generally speaking, the coffee beans in Tanzania have an extraordinary quality. For example, the fine Tanzanian AA coffee (Chagga AA), produced in the Moshi district near Mount Kilimanjaro, is famous for its full-grained and fragrant quality.

Due to political instability and rampant diseases and insect pests, the coffee industry in Tanzania has been damaged, resulting in a decline in the overall level of coffee and instability in quality, which in turn lead to lower prices, which is usually the result of a further decline in the coffee industry. What's more, it is estimated that more than 12% of the Arabica coffee grown in northern Tanzania from 1969 to 1985 was smuggled into Kenya. Recently, however, the country's coffee industry has shown signs of improving. Although the process of improvement is slow, it is still encouraging because, after all, the quality of coffee in Tanzania is excellent.

In the past, the coffee industry in Tanzania has been dominated by manor cultivation, but now more than 85% are grown by small farmers. Many small farmers are combined into cooperative organizations, the most important of which is the Kilimanjaro Cooperative Alliance (Kilimanjaro Cooperative Union, referred to as KNCU). Tanzanian coffee is sold by the Tanzanian Coffee Management Council (Tanzanian Coffee Marketing Board, TCMB) to private exporters by auction. In the 1980s, most coffee sales in Tanzania changed from auctions to being sold directly to the Coffee Management Committee of Tanzania, and the coffee industry is being reformed to allow individuals or groups to buy coffee in the future. at that time, coffee will have to be graded in different ways in order to attract buyers from Germany, Finland, Belgium and Japan.

thirty-six. Sudan

The civil war almost destroyed coffee production.

Two decades of disastrous civil war in southern Sudan has claimed millions of lives and caused untold damage to rural areas, including the coffee industry.

Robbins coffee is now grown in the south as in the past, while Arabica coffee, which used to be wild, is grown in the north and east of the country.

Historically, Arabs shipped black people from southern Sudan to Arabia as slaves, and slaves took coffee beans with them to satisfy their hunger. It is said that these coffee beans were introduced into Yemen as a result. It was these unfortunate Sudanese slaves who first began to grow coffee, making it a widely cultivated and widely traded agricultural product in the world today.

At present, the coffee industry in Sudan is on the verge of danger, with only a very small amount of coffee exported.

thirty-seven. Yemen

Before the 6th century AD, Yemen was called Arabia, so coffee trees shipped from Yemen to other places were also called Arabian coffee trees. But the origin of these trees is Ethiopia, and the Dutch spread these coffee trees around the world. Dutch businessmen sailing eastward around the Cape of good Hope (The Cape Of Good Hope) travel across the east coast of Africa to the port of Mocha in Yemen before they begin their long trek to India. In 1696, the Dutch introduced coffee trees to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and then to Batavia in Java.

Mocha beans are smaller and rounder than most coffee beans, which makes mocha beans look like peas-in fact, bean-shaped berry coffee beans (Peaberrybean) are sometimes called mocha beans. Mocha beans are similar in shape to Ethiopia's Harrar coffee beans, with small particles, high acidity and a strange and indescribable spicy taste. Taste carefully, and you can tell a little chocolate flavor. So the attempt to add chocolate to coffee is a natural process of development.

In Yemen, coffee growers plant poplars to provide shade for coffee to grow. as in the past, these trees are planted on steep terraces to maximize the use of less rainfall and limited land resources. in addition to Tippika and bourbon coffee trees, there are more than a dozen different coffee species native to Ethiopia to grow in Yemen. but even the best coffee For example, premium mocha coffee, the peel is connected to the beans after air drying. Yemen still often uses traditional stone mills to remove dry and hard shells, which makes the shape of coffee beans irregular and often damages them.

Despite the high quality and slippery aroma of Yemeni coffee, there is something unsatisfactory, that is, the quality is not continuously guaranteed and the classification of its coffee beans is uncertain. Traditionally, the best coffee beans in Yemen come from Mattari, followed by Sharki, followed by Sanani. These beans are low in caffeine and exported between December and April of the following year. The problem has always been that coffee from the north was adulterated before it was shipped from the southern port of Aden. Only coffee shipped from the port of Hodeida can be determined to come from the north. Yemeni coffee is mostly grown in natural conditions, mainly because growers lack funds.

thirty-eight. Uganda

In Uganda (Uganda), Arabica coffee beans account for only 10 per cent of the country's total coffee production, but it is enough to attract attention. Uganda's best coffee is mainly produced in the mountains of Elgon and Bugisu along the Kenyan border in the north and Ruwensori in the west, and is available for export in January or February of each year.

The equator runs across Uganda, and the suitable climate makes it the main producing area of Robart coffee beans in the world. In the 1960s, Ugandan coffee production remained at 3.5 million bags a year. By the mid-1980s, coffee production had dropped to 250 bags a year, mainly for political reasons. But now coffee production is on the rise again, currently about 3 million bags a year. One of the main problems facing the coffee industry is that there are no good roads to transport coffee to ports such as Mombasa in Kenya or Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.

In order to improve the quality and reduce the cost of coffee, Uganda cancelled the exclusive management right of the Coffee Management Committee (Coffee Marketing Board, referred to as CMB) in November 1990. Most of the work originally undertaken by the Coffee Management Committee has now been handed over to the cooperative organization. Privatized coffee accounts for 2% of the country's export revenue, so the government imposes a tax on coffee shops, hoping to increase much-needed revenue. But instead, coffee exports fell by 20%, and coffee smuggling became more and more serious.

Like Tanzania, the rise in coffee prices in recent years has encouraged farmers to return to their estates and reclaim once-abandoned land to grow coffee, and the Ugandan coffee industry looks promising.

thirty-nine. Zambia

Coffee was introduced to Zambia (Zambin) from Kenya and Tanzania in the early 20 th century and now it also produces giant coffee beans and bean-shaped berry coffee beans.

High-quality Zambian coffee is getting better and better, although slightly lighter, but the flavor is similar to Kenyan coffee, and the price is exactly the same. Zambian coffee is mainly grown in the northern Kasama region and the Nakonde and Isoka areas near the capital Lusaka.

forty. Zaire

The best Zaire coffee is grown in the northeast of the country, especially in the provinces of Oriental and Kivu, which used to produce excellent bean-shaped berry beans and giant beans. Unfortunately, Zaire's high-quality coffee is dwindling, but Zaire coffee is still among the best. Like Kenyan coffee, Zaire coffee has ideal acidity. Full-bodied and fragrant, moderately delicious.

The coffee industry in Zaire has recently been gradually privatized and it is possible to raise prices in order to provide the investment necessary to revive the coffee industry. there are about 40, 000 hectares of arable land in Zaire for the cultivation of Arabica coffee beans and 220000 hectares for Robart coffee beans. before the independence of Zaire in 1960, the vast majority of coffee was grown on plantations. World coffee prices plummeted in 1989, and many farmers abandoned their estates. today, coffee is grown mainly by small farmers in Zaire.

forty-one. Zimbabwe

Coffee cultivation in Zimbabwe began relatively recently, in the 1960s, when farmers in southern Africa set up coffee plantations. Coffee cultivation in Zimbabwe is mainly concentrated in the eastern highlands near Mozambique, which are mainly composed of the Chimanimani Mountains and the northward Nyanga Mountains, while the Nyanga Mountains are blocked by the Inyangani Mountains. The main coffee growing area is located near the town of Chipinge at the southern end of the eastern highlands.

Farfell Manor is one of the most interesting coffee plantations. This small plantation adopts a family business model, producing high-quality, hand-picked and sun-dried coffee beans. About 170 hectares of Arabica coffee trees are planted in the Fairfield estate. Good soil, high altitude and perennial precipitation make the coffee tree grow vigorously.

All in all, Zimbabwean coffee is the same as premium Kenyan AA coffee in every way, with a soft and fruity taste.

forty-two. India

There are several reasons why Indian coffee is popular with coffee hobbies, but the most important one is due to a process used in coffee beans, often referred to as the "monsooning" process. In the past, passengers or goods sailed to and from India, which took about several months to reach Europe. The taste and color of raw coffee beans have changed due to high air humidity during transportation. By the time we arrived at the destination, the coffee beans had changed from green to a strange yellow.

Consumers are getting used to this, so when steamships shorten the journey time, coffee producers find that consumers still want beans of the same color and taste that are affected by long trips. In order to recreate the original coffee flavor, the "monsoon" process is used. in May and June every year, monsoons occur in southwestern India, so during the monsoon season People spread the coffee in special houses open all around, about 12cm to 20cm in thickness, where they were placed for five days and raked the beans again and again so that all the beans were exposed to the extremely humid air at that time, and then put the beans loosely into bags so that the monsoon could blow through the bags. these bags are reloaded and piled once a week. After a total of seven weeks, until the coffee beans changed color and taste. Finally, the coffee beans were hand-selected, removed those unaffected by the monsoon, and then bagged for export. October to February is a good time to make "monsoon" coffee.

In addition to Karnataka, good coffee is grown in Tellichery and Maral in the southwestern state of Kerala, as well as in Nilgiris in the southeastern state of Tamil Nadu (formerly known as Madras).

The best Indian coffee is also classified as Arabian plantation coffee, and the best are A, B, C and T. "monsoon" coffee is divided into premium Monsooned Malabar AA coffee and "monsoon" Monsooned Basanically coffee. India also produces some bean-shaped berry coffee. at present, the problems facing the coffee industry are high bureaucracy, excessive taxation and lack of investment. The Coffee Council of India (Indian Cffee Board) controls the entire coffee industry, buying coffee and then selling it. Coffee is sold in mass auctions. These coffees are mixed to reach a certain trade volume, which eliminates the differences between estates and regions. As a result, many high-quality coffee producers lack sufficient motivation to produce unique and high-quality coffee beans. the government tried to solve this problem in 1992 and obtained the famous Valley Nuggets through seeds from A-class coffee plantations in several quality coffee producing areas. It is hoped that this will encourage other coffee growers, most of whom are really eager to bring their products into the gourmet coffee market.

forty-three. Indonesia

Coffee is produced throughout Indonesia (Indonesia), and Java occupies an extremely important position in coffee history.

In the mid-17th century, coffee trees were introduced to Indonesia by the Dutch (some official sources believe that earlier). The first coffee from Java was sold to Amsterdam in 1712. however, coffee trees on all plantations were destroyed by coffee rust in 1877 Today, only 6% or 10% of coffee beans are Arabica beans. Indonesia is the world's leading producer of Robbite coffee, producing 6.8 million bags of coffee a year, with more than half of the coffee coming from small plantations, accounting for about 90% of the total output.

The best growing areas of the archipelago are in Java, Sumatra (Blawan), Sulawesi (Sulawesi) and Flores.

Java produces exquisite aromatic coffee with relatively low acidity, delicate taste and good balance. Java coffee has better aroma and acidity than Sumatra and Sulawesi. The best plantations in Java are Blawan, Jambit, Kayumas and Pankur. Java mocha is a mixture of Java and Yemeni mocha.

Sumatra, the second largest island in the Indonesian archipelago, is the center of Indonesia's oil industry and is also famous for its rubber and timber exports. But Sumatra coffee is more eye-catching, similar to Java coffee, but slightly heavier. Coffee beans from Mandheling and Ankola are also valued, and the former is even hailed as the world's fullest coffee bean.

The island of Sulawesi, located between Brneo and New Guinea, is sometimes called Celebes. The coffee produced on the island is full-grained and full-scented. The best coffee beans come from Kalossi and Rantepao in the south of the island. In many brands, you might as well try Celebes Kalosi coffee.

One of the main coffee producers in New Guinea is the Sigri plantation, which has the same overall style as archipelago coffee, full of particles and good balance.

On the whole, Indonesian coffee has a strong flavor, mellow taste, slightly syrup flavor and excellent acidity. Its two main export markets are Germany and Japan. This reflects the excellent quality of the coffee from the side. what attracts consumers is the unique quality of its Arabica beans. You can add milk or cream to high-quality Indonesian coffee without worrying about affecting its taste. Indonesian coffee is divided into six grades, the best of which is AP. But no one is sure what these two capital letters stand for.

When ships replaced sailboats, the coffee produced in these islands faced the same problem as Indian coffee from Mysore-that is, consumers were used to coffee affected by long-distance travel, so they were reluctant to accept the taste of this "fresh" coffee. In order to solve this problem, the Indonesian government tried to copy coffee affected by long-distance travel. They stored the coffee beans for as long as a year. What is not satisfactory is that the taste of the wetted coffee is not so widely accepted that it affects the good reputation of the coffee.

However, Indonesia's "store" or "journey" coffee is still produced today. It is generally sold under the brands of "Old Government", "Old Brown" and "Old Java".

Although Indonesia produces so much admirable coffee, it is puzzling that local residents prefer Turkish-style coffee to its famous European-style coffee.

Kopi Luwah

Top coffee. The name of this coffee is KOPI LUWAK. The annual output is only about 500 pounds. Scarcity is the most expensive thing. The price of KOPI LUWAK is $300 a pound. The price may reflect its rare characteristics, while its "production" process can be described as "rare".

KOPI (Indonesian, coffee) LUWAK is produced in Sumatra, Zawa, and Sulvish and is part of the 13677 islands of Indonesia. LUWAK coffee is as expensive as gold and silver is not an infinite scenery on a fake island, but because of how it is produced. On these islands in Indonesia, there is a kind of marsupial civet cat, which belongs to the genus tree-borne civet. Locals hate these raccoons because they often eat the most ripe and reddest coffee fruits in coffee trees. I do not know who first thought that this kind of animal can eat, digest and defecate. Some are shameless, desperate, or simply because lazy locals pick out more complete beans wrapped in pulp slime from raccoon droppings. Perhaps it is through the fermentation of enzymes in the animal stomach that this kind of coffee bean has a unique flavor. Interestingly, this particular "production process" is not unique to the coffee industry. The rubber-like ARGAN tree is native to Morocco and produces olive-shaped fruit that can extract ARGAN oil. In Morocco, cypress people drive sheep up trees and let them eat their fruit. Then they collect sheep dung, remove the dung, and squeeze the fruit out of ARGAN oil. ARGAN oil can be used for massage, eating and aphrodisiac. It is assumed that from the beginning, Indonesian islanders have used it to avoid the pain of climbing trees and produce the most expensive coffee in the world. This coffee tastes very thick with a touch of caramel. Although the coffee beans are stale and jungle fragrance, the baked beans have a very complex aroma. Because the stomach acid and enzymes in the digestive system of raccoons are very different from the fermentation process of coffee with water, the coffee is as thick as syrup. KOPI LUWAK coffee tastes mellow and lubricated. Coffee as thick as chocolate pulp gives your tongue a long and clear aftertaste.

forty-four. Reunion

In 1715, the first coffee trees (about 40) were transported from the Yemeni port of Mocha to La R é union, but unfortunately only two survived. By 1719, coffee plantations had flourished and the first coffee beans had been sold. In the following years, the government took a hard measure: the islanders, black and white, had to plant 100 coffee trees a year. The law was amended in 1723 to emphasize that all slaves must plant 200 mocha coffee trees a year and that anyone who damaged the coffee tree should be put to death.

At that time, the island was still a French colony, called Bourbon, where coffee was produced and Arabian coffee trees shipped from the area to other countries had a name.

Interestingly, today, "bourbon" Arabian coffee trees have been widely cultivated and favored around the world, but almost no coffee is grown in Reunion. Here are the general characteristics of bourbon coffee.

forty-five. The Philippines

Coffee was introduced into the Philippines (Philippines) in the early 19th century, and by 1880 the country had become the fourth largest coffee exporter in the world. However, due to the spread of coffee rust, the country became a coffee importer shortly after 1880.

However, the coffee industry has gradually recovered. today, after slow and steady development, the country's coffee industry continues to grow, and there is great potential for the development of high-quality varieties. The Philippine coffee industry is operated by the national industrial and trade department, but the management is relatively loose, while all coffee exports are operated by private companies.

In fact, the Philippines is one of the few countries that can grow four varieties of coffee, namely Robart, Lieberica, Exelsa and Arabica. Mindanao, the second largest island in the southernmost part of the Philippines, produces high-quality and high-yield Arabica coffee.

forty-six. Viet Nam

Today's production country, tomorrow's production giant.

Perhaps under the influence of French colonial rule, coffee grown in Vietnam has a French flavor. Arabica coffee was first brought to Vietnam by French missionaries. More than 400,000 coffee trees were introduced to Vietnam from 1865 to 1876 and were planted near Tonkin Bay, mostly Java or bourbon varieties.

At present, Vietnam's coffee production is growing. Among Vietnam's new export products, tea ranks first and coffee ranks second. The main varieties produced are Robbins coffee beans, which exported 66000 bags in 1982 and soared to more than 200,000 tons in 1994. 96% of Robart coffee comes from small farms, but some state-owned farms also grow coffee trees.

Vietnam produces 950 kilograms of coffee per hectare, and many newly planted coffee trees are invested by the Japanese.

Two years ago, I read a survey report that Vietnam has overtaken Colombia in coffee bean production, ranking second in the world after Brazil. But the trees planted are Robusta trees, and there is still a big gap between the quality of coffee beans and countries like Colombia and Brazil.

forty-seven. Australia

Australia is an amazing country in many ways. The high quality coffee grown here is perhaps one of the most amazing things.

Australian coffee is of high quality and has a soft taste with a slightly bitter taste of caffeine. unfortunately, only a small number of products enter the export market, because production is limited by high labor costs, or by strong sunlight. Because it is too hot, people can not use cheap mechanical tools for picking, so they have to harvest it manually, which increases the cost of production.

forty-eight. Hawaiian coffee

Perhaps the most beautiful coffee bean in the world.

Kona coffee beans from Hawaii have the perfect appearance, and their fruit is extremely full and shiny. The taste of coffee is rich and aromatic, with cinnamon flavor and moderate acidity.

Hawaiian coffee is the only top variety produced in 50 states in the United States, and the United States is naturally its largest market.

Of all the coffee producers, Hawaii has the most stringent management of the coffee industry, the highest labor costs and the best level of investment.

Hawaii's coffee industry has to compete with the expanding tourism industry. Most coffee is grown on the slopes of Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa was originally a volcano located in the western part of the Kona region on the island of Hawaii. The coffee producing area is about 30 kilometers long and its growing areas are mainly concentrated in the north and south of the area. Coffee trees are planted in relatively desolate areas, but their soil is fertile and contains volcanic ash. Although it takes a lot of physical labor to start planting and it is difficult to manage, it is comforting that Kona's coffee trees (at least those growing above 90 meters above sea level) do not seem to be affected by any diseases and insect pests.

Although Hawaii is often affected by tornadoes, the climatic conditions are very suitable for the coffee industry. There is plenty of rain and sunshine here, and there is no worry of frost. In addition, there is a strange natural phenomenon called free shade (freeshade). On most days, at about two o'clock in the afternoon, white clouds appear in the sky, providing the necessary shade for the coffee trees. In fact, it is such superior natural conditions that make the Arabian coffee in the Kona region produce more coffee than any other plantation in the world and maintain high quality. For example, it produces 560,900 hectares per hectare in Latin America and 2240 kilograms per hectare in Kona. To the displeasure of coffee fans, only about 1400 hectares of coffee are produced.

Real Kona coffee is indeed a treasure in the world and is not easy to find. The best Kona coffee is divided into Extra Fancy, Fancy and Number One. This third-class coffee is produced on manors and under natural conditions. Most of the coffee that calls itself "Kona" now contains less than 5% of the real Hawaiian Kona coffee. Another good Hawaiian coffee can be found in the United States-Hawaiian Kaj Farm Coffee (Kai Farms).

forty-nine. New Caledonia

The lost glory

New Caledonia (New Caledonia) is a former French colony, with only 10 per cent of the land available for farming, with coffee and corn as its main crops.

Missionaries introduced coffee from La R é union in 1860, but by 1987 only 40 tons were produced each year, of which 37 tons were exported, mostly to France. The variety of coffee beans is an extraordinary Robbite coffee with excellent quality and rich taste, but it is delicate and only needs to be lightly roasted.

fifty. Papua New Guinea

The legendary background of modern coffee

In Papua New Guinea, about 75 per cent of coffee products come from small local farms. Many farms reclaim land in the forest, and some are in the depths of the forest, almost isolated from the rest of the world. Coffee in the country is grown on highlands between 1300 and 1800 meters above sea level, so it is of high quality. Although coffee is also grown in some lowlands, the yield is relatively small. Most of the locally grown coffee is grown under natural conditions because of the problems and high costs of transporting chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the farm.

The coffee industry plays an important role in the country's economy. More than 1 million people are directly and indirectly engaged in the industry. The government encourages planting by offering a minimum purchase price. The industry itself is controlled by the Coffee Industry Council (Coffee Industry Board). The commission is located in Goroka, in the eastern part of the island, while exports are handled by private companies.

The frost in 1975 destroyed most coffee crops in Brazil, but stimulated the development of coffee in Papua New Guinea. The Government has implemented a scheme to finance the creation of about 20 hectares of coffee plantations in rural or collective land ownership. This measure has indeed increased the penetration of coffee in the local economy, with annual production reaching 1 million bags by 1990.

However, it is almost inevitable that the surge in production leads to a decline in quality. Before 1991, the quality of coffee was good, and most of it belonged to open Y and so on. After 1991, the quality gradually declined, and with it the European market was lost. The extra price of coffee such as Y also gradually fell. This is related to the country's policy of "one grade, one price". This policy is not feasible for an industry as volatile as coffee. As a result, poor quality coffee beans damaged the image of high quality standards such as Y coffee, resulting in a backlog.

The government's response is to establish a new level of quality, temporarily suspend the production of coffee such as Y, and no longer implement the policy of "one grade, one price". This allows buyers to price according to quality, which is bound to have an impact on the income of farmers who produce shoddy coffee beans. By 1993, the quality problem had been basically solved. Most regular customers are buying coffee from Papua New Guinea again. Coffee such as Y is now sold at a slightly lower extra price, indicating that its quality has improved.

Although coffee trees grow vigorously in some places, the coffee beans harvested vary from raw to ripe due to the lack of persistence of the growers. AA is rare, and you can usually buy An and AB grades. The main characteristics of grade A coffee are: plump particles, light acidity, endless aftertaste after drinking.

fifty-one. Tahiti I.

Coffee from heaven

If you can drink Tahiti coffee, it is really "lucky" because this kind of coffee is extremely rare.

The trade name of Tahiti coffee is Tahiti. Arabica coffee (Tahiti Arabica). Any coffee exported from Tahiti, the largest of the Social Islands (Society Islands), can be said to be highly unusual. If you do taste this kind of coffee, you will be fascinated by its elegant flavor, round taste and unique characteristics.

fifty-two. Taiwan of China

In the 18th century, in 1884 (Guang Xu's 10th year), the British introduced coffee to the three Gorges in Taipei. during the Japanese occupation, the Japanese saw that Taiwan's climate and soil were suitable for coffee, so they introduced "Arabica" from abroad and successfully planted it in the north. Mizuho invested heavily in planting and had a good yield.

In the 19th century, in 1941, rich output and good quality and flavor led to the complete victory of coffee in Taiwan. soon after Japan launched the Pacific War, coffee sales became a problem and there was no one to take care of it. Farmers changed to grow rice, and Japan was defeated and retreated. Coffee declined after no one was interested in it. At present, the larger ones are Antong and Huisun. Around 1931, the Japanese Kimura cafe Company planted coffee in Chiayi and then in Mizuho, Hualien; in 1950, with the help of the US military, instant coffee was introduced to Taiwan, with only Nestle Coffee at the beginning; 1960 was the era of Honey Caf é, when the Star Cafe on Wuchang Street was once a famous clubhouse for domestic literary writers; the first International Coffee Association was established in 1962; coffee was grown on Antong Farm in 1963 A combination of bookish cafes in 1980, garden cafes in the central and southern regions, European-style coffee shops with personal taste, Japanese-style coffee shops and the most prosperous coffee chain at present.

fifty-three. Yunnan coffee

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, and most areas are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes, with large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity. As early as the 1950s, Yunnan small seed coffee was very popular in the international coffee market and was rated as the top grade of coffee.

History can be traced back to 1892. A French missionary brought coffee to Yunnan from abroad and successfully planted it in a valley in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province. The coffee plants of this batch of coffee seeds are still blooming and bearing fruit in Binchuan County.

In the mid-1990's, the planting scale reached 4000 hectares. By the end of 1997, the planting area of coffee in the province had reached 7800 hectares. At present, the planting area of the province accounts for 70% of the national area, and the output accounts for 83% of the whole country. Yunnan coffee has established the dominant position in China in terms of planting area and coffee bean production.

Distributed in Simao, Banna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong and other areas in the south and southwest of Yunnan.