Introduction to the flavor and taste characteristics of coffee in Santa Rita Manor, Colombia

In 1823, at the request of the Peruvian Patriots and with the approval of Congress, Bolivar led Colombian troops into Peru to fight against the Spanish colonial army.

In 1824, the Colombian and Peruvian coalition forces defeated the Spanish colonial army, and Peru gained independence. During the war with Bolivar's army in Peru, Santander took over as president and presided over the affairs of Colombia. Santander advocated the establishment of a federal regime and United local forces against Bolivar's political proposition of unity and unity. Factional struggles within the Colombian Congress and government have become increasingly acute.

In April 1826, the local rulers of Venezuela, headed by Pais, and those who opposed the new Granada, headed by Santander, demanded the establishment of a separate state. Through the mediation of Bolivar, separatist activities have been temporarily stopped, but internal contradictions and factional struggles still exist.

The Congress of Colombian National Representatives was held in Okania on May 8, 1828. There was a sharp conflict between the centralized faction led by Bolivar and the federalist faction represented by Santander. After that, the separatist tendency in various places became more and more obvious.

In November 1829, Venezuela issued a statement withdrawing from the Republic of Greater Columbia.

In January 1830, Bolivar resigned as president in Congress in an attempt to bridge differences and safeguard national unity, but to no avail. On May 31, Quito announced its withdrawal from Colombia and the establishment of the Republic of Ecuador. Bolivar died on December 17, followed by the disintegration of Colombia. In 1831 the region of Colombia and Panama was renamed New Granada.

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From 1832 to 1837, F.de P. Santander served as the first President of the Republic and exercised the dictatorship of Cordillo (see Cordillo Doctrine). Since then, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party (see the Colombian Conservative Party, the Colombian Liberal Party) competed for power and interests, resulting in frequent civil wars and long-term political instability. During the reign of the Liberal Party from 1849 to 1884 (which was once ruled by the Conservative Party from 1857 to 1860), a number of reforms were implemented: abolishing slavery and government monopoly; abolishing clerical privileges and confiscating church property; making a constitution that provides for the separation of church and state, proclaim freedom of belief, speech and the press. Colombia was renamed the Confederacy of Granada in 1856 and the United States of Colombia in 1863

The main varieties of Colombian coffee are small grains of coffee. Plants are small trees or large shrubs, 5-8 m tall, usually much branched at base; old branches gray-white, nodes dilated, young branches glabrous, compressed. Leaves thinly leathery, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6-14 cm long and 3.5-5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, acuminate part 10-15 mm long, base cuneate or slightly obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or shallowly wavy, both surfaces glabrous, lower vein axils with or without small pores; midrib raised on both surfaces of leaf, 7-13 on each side of lateral veins; petiole 8-15 mm long Stipules broadly triangular, arising from the tip of the upper part of the young branch conical or awn tip, the tip of the old branch is often protruding tip, 3-6 mm long. Cymes several clustered in leaf axils, each with 2-5 flowers, without a total pedicel or with a very short peduncle; flowers fragrant, with pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; bracts base ±connate, dimorphic, 2 broadly triangular, nearly equal in length and width, the other 2 lanceolate, 2 times as long as wide, leaf-shaped; calyx tubular, 2.5-3 mm long, calyx eaves truncate or 5-denticulate. Corolla white, length varies from breed to breed, generally 10-18 mm long, apically often 5-lobed, rarely 4-or 6-lobed, lobes often longer than Corolla tube, tip often obtuse; anthers protruding from Corolla tube, 6-8 mm long; style 12-14 mm long, stigma 2-lobed, 3-4 mm long. Berries broadly elliptic, red, 12-16 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, exocarp dura, mesocarp fleshy, sweet at maturity; seeds raised abaxially, ventral flat, longitudinally grooved, 8-10 mm long and 5-7 mm in diam. The suitable climate in Colombia from March to April provides a real "natural pasture" for coffee. Coffee trees in Colombia are mainly cultivated in the Andes, on steep slopes about 1300 meters above sea level, where the annual temperature is about 18 degrees Celsius, annual rainfall is 2000 to 3000 millimeters, latitude 1 °- 11 °15 north, longitude 72 °- 78 °west, the specific range of elevation is more than 2.000 meters. A special combination of factors, latitude, altitude, soil, plant origin of species and varieties of coffee production in Colombia's coffee growing area, rain patterns produced by the climate of the coffee growing area and tropical convergence, changing topography, luminosity, favorable temperature range throughout the year, moderation and Rain Water's distribution And include some common cultural practice areas in the process of selective logging and transformation, including washing and drying. Very suitable for the growth of coffee, mild climate, humid air, and can be harvested regardless of season. This is why Colombian coffee is of high quality. Colombia has three Codiera mountains running north and south, right into the Andes. Coffee is grown along the highlands of these mountains. The mountain steps provide a diverse climate, where the whole year is the harvest season, and different kinds of coffee ripen at different times. And fortunately, unlike Brazil, Colombia doesn't have to worry about frost. About 2.7 billion coffee trees have been documented in Colombia, 66 per cent of which are planted in modern plantations and the rest on small traditional farms.