The spread and development of coffee

It is speculated that if the use of coffee was discovered by Ethiopians, coffee was introduced into the Arabian Peninsula during this period and was widely grown in Yemen.

Even so, there is still a myth in the Arabian Peninsula: "once a flock of big birds with ripe coffee fruits flew across the Red Sea and dropped them in Yemen, so that coffee began to grow in Yemen."

There is no way to prove the myth, and so far there is no historical evidence to prove the exact time and reason why the coffee arrived in the Arabian Peninsula, but one thing is certain that Ethiopia did invade the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula in 525. And ruled Yemen for half a century.

As a result, people tend to believe that coffee was introduced into the Arabian Peninsula during this period. In the very long centuries since then, coffee has been used as a refreshing, refreshing or special medicine for Islamists to cure diseases in Arabian Peninsula. at the same time, people's methods of making coffee have become more and more perfect.

It was not until around the 15th century that coffee was widely spread among ordinary people as a popular drink. At the end of the 16th century, the story of Arabs drinking "black molasses boiled from black seeds" was spread verbally among many European travelers. It can be confirmed that the Arabs at that time already knew how to bake and cook coffee.

After coffee became a popular drink in the southern Arabian Peninsula, it was brought home by Islamists who made a pilgrimage to Mecca, where it began to spread rapidly in Arab countries and landed in Turkey and Persia one after another.

The widespread acceptance of coffee will inevitably lead to the birth of cafes. It is said that the earliest cafes were born for religious reasons, but they soon evolved into places for people to draw and chat, a tradition that continues to this day.

As for where the world's first cafe was born, there are two main arguments: one is that it was born in the 15th century in Constantinople, the capital of Turkey (present-day Istanbul), where bridge is said to have been born; the other is that it was born in the shrine of Islam in the early 16th century.

But no matter where it was born, its significance goes beyond providing a place for people to drink coffee and chat.

As historian Ukes wrote in his most authoritative book, the Coffee World, "whenever coffee is introduced, it encourages the revolution." Coffee is the most extreme drink in the world. Caffeine stimulates thinking. Once people think deeply, they want to rebel, endangering the status of tyrants. "

His famous saying was first confirmed in the holy city of Mecca. People gathered in Mecca cafes to openly discuss politics and satirize those in power. Some sarcasm reached Berg, the young governor of Mecca at the time, who, in a rage, ordered the closure of all Mecca cafes in 1511.

The ruler of Mecca is not the only one who hates coffee. Cafes in Turkey have been ordered to close, and coffee has been listed as an illegal drink to prevent people from making reactionary remarks while drinking coffee.

Those who drink coffee in violation of the law will be beaten with a stick, and the repeat offender will be sewn into a leather-sewn bag and thrown into the Bosporus (today's Istanbul Strait).

The spread and Development of Coffee in America

Coffee was first drunk in North America in 1688, and soon after, cafes appeared in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and other towns.

The Boston riots of 1773 were planned in a cafe called Green Dragon. Both the New York Stock Exchange and the Bank of New York were founded in cafes, in what is now known as the financial district, Wall Street.

Coffee was first grown in the United States in the 1820s, a process that is perhaps the most fascinating and romantic story in coffee history.

Gabriel is a French navy serving in Martinique. On his way to Paris on a business trip in 1720, with the help of others and rich personal charm, he got a coffee tree and brought it back on the boat. To keep it warm and prevent saltwater from attacking, he placed the tree in a glass box on the deck.

The voyage was full of accidents, at least as described in Gabriel's diary. The ship was attacked by Tunisian pirates and encountered a severe storm so that the trees needed to be tied down. Our hero had a fierce fight with an enemy who deliberately hurt the tree out of jealousy, in which a branch was torn off, but the whole tree survived.

The sea finally calmed down, the ship stopped, and drinking water began to be distributed regularly. Gabriel used the precious water from priority on the coffee tree, and finally the ship reached Martinique, where the tree was replanted on Pribel, surrounded by thorn hedges and guarded by slaves.

It began to grow and reproduce, and by 1726, the first harvest had arrived. According to historical records, there were 18 million to 19 million coffee trees on Martinique by 1777, and a cash crop that could be grown in the New World appeared at the right time.

But it is the Dutch who really popularize coffee crops in central and southern America, where coffee is now the main continental cash crop.

Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Suriname in 1718, followed by the first cultivation in many parts of French Guiana and Brazil's Para region.

In 1730, the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where the Blue Mountains now produce the most famous and expensive coffee in the world.

Before 1825, South and Central America were on their way to coffee. Another important significance of this time is that coffee is grown for the first time in Hawaii, where it produces the only American coffee and one of the highest quality coffee.