Description of Yunnan Tieka Coffee Variety and Flavor introduction of high-quality coffee beans in producing areas

Typica and Bourbon, two classic coffee varieties, are the main coffee cultivars in Yunnan Province. In 1991, Katimo Catimor series varieties (stronger virus resistance and higher yield) were introduced from Kenya. It is a variant of the Arabian species (also known as the small species). Because of the similarity of morphology and habits of these two varieties, they are often mixed and cultivated.

Tibica coffee is native to Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan and is the most widely cultivated coffee variety in the Western Hemisphere. The plants are more robust, but less tolerant to light, and yield more in Hawaii. The top leaf of Tibika is red copper color, which is called red top coffee.

Popan coffee is the second most common variety of Arabica coffee after tipica. The main branch and trunk initially grow upward at 45 degrees, drooping with fruit load, the branch nodes are dense, the results are more, and the yield is higher. But the berries are smaller and ripen slower. Bobang bud tender leaves are green, called green top coffee;

Catimor is an improved version of the Tibica species, with 25% of the Robusta gene.

Coffee cultivation in China is concentrated in Yunnan Province and Hainan Province. Yunnan has a relatively large output, with an annual output of about 26,000 tons in recent years, accounting for 90% of the national output. Yunnan coffee is said to have been handed down by the French 70 or 80 years ago. The main production variety is Arabica Arabica, that is, the so-called Arabica coffee, commonly known as Yunnan Arabica coffee. Yunnan's high-quality geographical climate conditions provide good conditions for coffee growth. The planting areas are Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures. Yunnan natural conditions and Colombia are very similar, namely low latitude, high altitude, temperature difference between day and night, produced by cup quality analysis, coffee belongs to alcohol flavor, its quality taste similar to Colombia coffee.

However, due to various reasons, Yunnan coffee industry development speed is not fast, Yunnan coffee is mainly exported in the form of raw materials, exports in 2006 about 15,000 tons. More than 60% of the raw materials are purchased by Nestle and Max every year, and Starbucks and Amway have also joined the ranks of acquisitions in recent years.

Due to the lack of deep processing and marketing, Yunnan coffee has a low reputation and is locked in the mountains. It is believed that with the in-depth development of Yunnan coffee industry, the rising demand of domestic coffee market and the efforts of governments and enterprises, Yunnan coffee will usher in a new development period. Pu 'er, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Baoshan, Dehong, Lincang and other places in southern and western Yunnan are the distribution areas of Yunnan small coffee cultivation. As of January 1, 2012, according to the comprehensive survey of Yunnan Province, the coffee planting area in Yunnan has exceeded 800,000 mu, and it is expected that the coffee bean output will exceed 55,000 tons in this period. For the future, the blueprints of state governments in Yunnan have also been drawn: Dehong plans to expand the coffee planting area from the current 100,000 mu to 200,000 mu in the next few years; Lincang will expand the existing 20,000 mu coffee forest by 10 times to 200,000 mu in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan"; Pu 'er also plans to expand the coffee forest from 220,000 mu to 600,000 mu. Other suitable coffee planting areas such as Baoshan and Xishuangbanna are also planning to expand the planting scale.

Dehong: It has the laudatory name of "the hometown of Chinese coffee". As of 2011, a total of 120,900 mu of coffee planting area has been developed in the whole prefecture, accounting for 30% of the coffee planting area in China. In the next three years, the coffee planting area in Dehong Prefecture will reach 200,000 mu. The coffee planting altitude in Dehong Prefecture is above 1000 meters, of which 30,000 mu is planted on the mountain area above 1600 meters above sea level. In addition, the coffee planted in Dehong Prefecture mainly uses organic fertilizer and organic pesticide, so the coffee produced is of high quality and is one of the rare high-quality coffee producing places in the world.

Baoshan: Baoshan coffee planting began in the mid-1950s, the first coffee seedlings were introduced from Southeast Asia by the late patriotic overseas Chinese Mr. Liang Jinshan. The local famous Lujiangba Arabica coffee is of excellent quality. As early as the late 1950s, it was rated first class in London, England. In recent years, with the expansion of international trade, Lujiangba Arabica coffee is more famous. Europe and America, Arab countries, especially Britain, the United States, Egypt, Hong Kong and Macao merchants are regarded as coffee top-grade, products in short supply. In December 2010, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China decided to implement the national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan Arabica Coffee".