The growth experience of coffee

Coffee seedlings don't blossom until about 5 years.

Coffee begins to wither and bear fruit after 2-3 days of flowering.

The green fruit turns yellow after a few months.

From June to September, the color changes to red.

There are roughly three varieties of coffee grown commercially on a large scale:

Arabica, also known as Arabica, accounts for about 70% of the world's coffee acreage. Bean-shaped slender, S-shaped lines in the middle, originated in Ethiopia, this kind of cold-resistant, drought-resistant, mellow product smell, good drinking quality, but easy to infect leaf rust. The famous Blue Mountain Coffee, Columbia, etc., are all Arabica species. The ideal altitude is 500-2000 meters. The higher the altitude, the better the quality. High-quality Arabica coffee requires complicated manual picking, so Arabica coffee is the most expensive and best coffee in the world.

Robasta (Robasta) accounts for about 25% of the world's coffee acreage. The beans are arc-shaped with a straight line in the middle and are native to the rainforest region of the Congo in Africa. Suitable for planting in the lowlands below 500 meters above sea level, this species is not resistant to strong light, wind, drought and weak cold resistance. But it has strong disease resistance and is not easy to be infected with leaf rust. The product has strong drinking flavor and strong irritation, the caffeine content is about twice that of Arabica coffee, and instant coffee is mostly used.

Liberia (Liberica) originates in Liberia, Africa, and accounts for a very low proportion of the world's production. It is suitable for planting in the lowlands, has an exciting taste and is less traded on the market.

According to the botanical description of coffee is: "Coffee is Rubiaceae, coffee, perennial evergreen shrubs or small trees."

Coffee beans are actually the seeds of the fruit of coffee trees. They are called coffee beans because they are shaped like beans.

Coffee can not be grown in any environment, it has the habit of being calm, cool, shaded or semi-shaded and humid. Therefore, coffee is only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, with the equator as the center of the strip between latitude 25 degrees north and south, commonly known as the coffee zone or coffee zone.

The planting conditions of coffee trees are as follows:

1, temperature: small seeds are more cold-resistant, like warm and cool climate, the average annual temperature is 19-21 degrees, the extreme minimum temperature can not be lower than zero degrees.

2, rainfall: the annual rainfall is more than 1250 mm, the amount of rainfall is directly related to the growth and development of coffee, small seed coffee has a certain ability to resist drought.

3, light: coffee is not tolerant to strong light, the light is too strong, the growth is inhibited, and proper shading is needed. 3-4 hours of direct light a day has a good effect on the growth and fruit of coffee, and small seeds are more tolerant to strong light than medium seeds.

4, wind: coffee likes quiet wind environment, dry and hot wind will affect blossom and fruit, coffee belongs to shallow root, a little stronger wind will blow down, so it is impossible to grow coffee by the sea.

5, soil: coffee root system is developed, root distribution is shallow, requires loose, fertile, well-drained soil, crimson and reddish brown soil coffee grows well.

6, the effect of altitude on the quality of coffee beans: high altitude, slow growth, complete flavor development, hard beans, good sour taste, more resistant to baking; low altitude, fast growth, incomplete flavor development, soft beans, not resistant to baking.

Plant characteristics of Coffee

1, root: coffee root is a conic root system, the root system is well developed.

2, stem: the stem of coffee, also known as the trunk, is developed from straight branches.

3, leaves: simple leaves opposite, green, elliptic to long elliptic.

4, flowers: flowers white, fragrant, Arabica generally 5 petals, Robasta generally 8 petals.

5, fruit: mature coffee is called coffee berries or coffee cherries. The fruit is a drupe, usually containing 2 seeds, as well as single and 3 seeds.