A brief introduction to the cultivation of medium-grained Vietnamese boutique coffee beans, geographical location, climate and altitude

In the field of coffee processing, Vietnam has only had some dilapidated processing plants since 1975, and there are several processing plants in the north, such as Tongjiao and Fukui, whose equipment was manufactured in East Germany between 1960 and 1962. In the south, the old factories left behind by former manor owners such as ROSSI, DELPHANTE, etc. are also small in scale. While expanding the coffee planting area, Vietnam also began to build new coffee processing plants, initially manufacturing some single equipment, and later copying production lines according to HANGXA model. The main manufacturers are Haiphong 51 Machinery Factory and A74 Factory of the Ministry of Industry in Sau Duc, Ho Chi Minh City. In recent years, more and more companies and farms imported equipment from Germany and Brazil to build more complete new processing plants, imported more than a dozen sets of Brazilian Pinhalense coffee processing production lines. Later, some factories began to imitate Brazilian equipment and improve their own production. In recent years, Vietnam's coffee processing capacity has been greatly improved, and it can guarantee the export of 150,000 to 200,000 tons of coffee kernels every year. In addition, there are many enterprises with insufficient equipment, which only process with a few single machines and purchase coffee that has been initially processed from farmers in order to ensure export standards. Coffee purchased from the private sector is mainly distributed by farmers through cement or soil drying. In many places farmers use small grinders to grind dried coffee into coffee kernels, which they sell to coffee buyers. This process leads to unstable product quality. The coffee produced by each company and farm is usually of good quality and beautiful appearance, such as the companies of Dole: victory (thang loi), phuoc an (phuoc an), viet duc (viet duc), buon ho (buon ho), delao (d dao), etc., which are affirmed by customers. Generally speaking, coffee sales have not been carried out according to national standards for a long time, and the quality provisions in the sales contract are very simple, which are only determined by the buyer and the seller through consultation, which fails to effectively promote the improvement of coffee quality and processing industry level.

Vietnam coffee cultivation area is about 500,000 hectares, 10%-15% belong to state-owned enterprises and farms, 85%-90% belong to farmers and manor owners. The size of the estate is small, usually 2-5 hectares, and the large estate is about 30-50 hectares, but the number is small. Vietnamese coffee ranks second only to rice among Vietnam's exports of agricultural products. Every year, about 300,000 farmers are engaged in coffee cultivation, with a labor force of 600,000, and the labor force can reach 700,000 to 800,000 in the three-month harvest period, so the coffee industry absorbs 1.83% of the total labor force in Vietnam and 2.93% of the total agricultural labor force. Vietnam's geographical location is very conducive to coffee cultivation. The south of Vietnam has a hot and humid tropical climate, suitable for growing ROBUSTA coffee, and the north is suitable for growing ARABICA coffee.

Coffee production in Vietnam has the following characteristics: (1) Since there is no effective method to deal with defoliation, in the early 1980s, medium-grain coffee was selected as the main variety. (2) Based on planting techniques, coffee planting methods were determined, i.e., high density planting, heavy irrigation, excessive fertilization, no shade trees to obtain maximum yield under humid and hot climate conditions in southern Vietnam. In Daklak, GiaLai, Kontum and Dong Nai areas of Vietnam, the yield of many coffee plantations reached 3- 4 tons/ha, and some plantations even reached 8- 9 tons/ha. (3) Processing technology: mainly making full use of the solar drying method in the dry season of the central plateau of Vietnam to process coffee. Coffee is as important to Vietnam as tea is to the Chinese, which is a deep penetration into the bone marrow. Robusta beans, which are often used to make instant coffee and premium coffee blends around the world, are almost all exported from Vietnam. Vietnam is the world's second largest coffee exporter, surpassing Colombia and second only to Brazil. Vietnam has a long history of coffee production, but the development and expansion of its production scale began in the last 20 years. After experiencing the ups and downs of the world coffee market from 2001 to 2005, Vietnam's coffee industry is poised to flourish. In 2006, Vietnam's coffee industry handed over a satisfactory answer to the world: Vietnam produced 810,000 tons of coffee (13.5 million bags, 60 kg each) in 2005-2006, and exported 776 tons (12.9 million bags), an increase of 35 percent in export value. Vietnamese coffee is produced in Vietnam, just as tea is important to Chinese people, which is a kind of penetration into the bone marrow. Robusta beans, which are often used to make instant coffee and premium coffee blends around the world, are almost all exported from Vietnam. Vietnam is the world's second largest coffee exporter, surpassing Colombia and second only to Brazil

G7 Coffee is one of Vietnam's famous coffees. Each coffee bean is selected from the best coffee area of Vietnam Plateau. It is roasted with special cream. The creamy and mellow Wina three-in-one instant coffee is produced and exported by Vietnam Bien Hop Wina Co., Ltd., and Wina Coffee has maintained a market share of more than 45% in Vietnam, which is in a leading position. At present, Weiner has participated in the China-ASEAN Expo for many years, and some influential exhibitions in the mainland often see Weiner coffee. Vietnam's geographical location is very conducive to coffee cultivation. The southern part of Vietnam has a hot and humid tropical climate, suitable for growing ROBUSTA coffee, and the northern part is suitable for growing ARABICA coffee. Saigon Coffee produces coffee beans from the best coffee areas of Vietnam Highlands. They are roasted with special cream. The creamy aroma is outstanding, the coffee is mellow, the coffee aroma is outstanding and the unique taste of Saigon Coffee is lingering. The coffee yield of Vietnam is up to 950 kg per hectare. Many newly planted coffee trees are invested by Japanese.

Two years ago, Vietnam overtook Colombia in coffee bean production and ranked second in the world after Brazil, according to a survey. However, the tree species planted in Robusta are still far behind Colombia and Brazil in terms of coffee bean quality. At present, Vietnam's coffee production is increasing. Among Vietnam's new export products, tea ranks first, coffee ranks second, and the main varieties produced are Robaishi coffee beans. In 1980, 66000 bags were exported, and in 1994, it soared to more than 200,000 tons. Ninety-six percent of robert coffee comes from small farms, but some state-owned farms also grow coffee trees, perhaps influenced by french colonial rule. Coffee grown in vietnam has a french flavor. Arabica coffee was first brought to Vietnam by French missionaries. More than 400,000 coffee trees were introduced to Vietnam from 1865 to 1876 and planted near Tonkin Bay. Most of them are Java or Bourbon varieties.

Vietnam's geographical location is very conducive to coffee cultivation, the south of Vietnam has a hot and humid tropical climate, suitable for growing ROBUSTA coffee, and the north is suitable for growing ARABICA coffee. Coffee production in Vietnam has the following characteristics: (1) Since there is no effective method to deal with defoliation, in the early 1980s, medium-grain coffee was selected as the main variety. (2) Based on planting techniques, coffee planting methods were determined, i.e., high density planting, heavy irrigation, excessive fertilization, no shade trees to obtain maximum yield under humid and hot climate conditions in southern Vietnam, giving full play to the production capacity of medium-grain coffee. In Daklak, Gia Lai, Kontum and Dong Nai areas of Vietnam, the yield of many coffee plantations reached 3- 4 tons/hectare, and some plantations even reached 8- 9 tons/hectare. (3) Processing technology: mainly making full use of the solar drying method in the dry season of the central plateau of Vietnam to process coffee.

Vietnam coffee cultivation area is about 500,000 hectares, 10%-15% belong to state-owned enterprises and farms, 85%-90% belong to farmers and manor owners. The size of the estate is small, usually 2-5 hectares, and the large estate is about 30-50 hectares, but the number is small. Vietnamese coffee ranks second only to rice among Vietnam's exports of agricultural products. Each year, about 300,000 farmers are engaged in coffee cultivation, with a labor force of 600,000, and the labor force can reach 700,000 to 800,000 during the three-month harvest period. Therefore, the coffee industry absorbs 1.83% of the total labor force in Vietnam and 2.93% of the total agricultural labor force.

Vietnam Coffee Corporation (VINACAFE) is a 100% state-owned enterprise with 73 companies and farms. 20-25% of Vietnam's coffee production is exported annually by Vinacafe.

According to the statistics of Vietnam Coffee Association, in 2000-2001 (from October 2000 to September 2001), Vietnam exported 874676 tons of coffee from 149 enterprises, among which the three largest exporters were OLAM Company (foreign-owned enterprise, 21326 tons), DAKMAN Company (joint venture, 18076 tons) and Vinafimex Company (local enterprise, 13719 tons).

The Vietnamese Coffee Quality Standards Committee was led by the Vietnamese Coffee Association to draft Vietnamese coffee standards, which were submitted to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (now the Ministry of Science and Technology) for approval by the Vietnamese General Bureau of Standards and Quality Monitoring. [3]