Is the three-wave development of coffee referring to fine coffee? What is the fourth coffee wave?

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There are four major waves in the history of coffee culture, which have brought mobility and development to the industry. let us see how this beverage has evolved. Anyone who loves coffee will explain to you one wave after another.

Nick Moers of Devoci ó n Coffee Cafe in Brooklyn is one of them.

"basically, the first wave is ordinary coffee that we are common, has no special flavor, is not particularly interesting, and no one thinks about where the coffee comes from or who we buy it from," he said. "

The third wave of coffee big brands such as Folgers and Maxwell House, because of the mass production of instant coffee, coffee has become very close to the people. With the passage of time, espresso and lattes have become more and more popular, prompting people to be curious about the origin and baking style of coffee beans.

Since then, great changes have taken place in the history of coffee in the 1970s. Starbucks, a key player in the history of coffee, was born. "Americans love coffee very much, and Starbucks understands this and turns this hobby into a business opportunity," Moers said. With its shrewd marketing strategy, Starbucks' business is booming. By the year 2000, the number of stores has reached more than 3000. In the industry, many small cafes also benefit from Starbucks.

"Starbucks made our industry," said Paul Schlader, one of the owners of the Birch Coffee Cafe in New York City. They laid the foundation for us. " In 2009, Schlader and partner Jeremy Lyman opened the Birch Cafe in the Flatiron district of Manhattan. Birch became popular with the introduction of cold-brewed coffee, and Starbucks began serving cold-brewed coffee last year.

On the other hand, Moers believes that smaller independent coffee companies such as Intelligentsia, Stumptown and Counter Culture are the forerunners of the third wave of coffee.

"their products are excellent, they first focus on the producers, and then further expand their attention to the coffee beans." More and more baristas are keen to absorb knowledge about coffee, and Moers is one of them. The coffee beans in Moers Cafe are purchased in Colombia, and he also has a deep understanding of the location of the purchase.

Purchasing coffee is equivalent to purchasing wine, and there are some variables to be carefully considered, such as the variety, region, aroma, flavor and texture of coffee beans. Schlader added: "We start to pay great attention to purchasing coffee. We deal directly with producers or let importers or exporters handle logistics.

On the other hand, we also began to pay attention to high-end coffee, such as Geisha. In Panama and Costa Rica, many coffee farmers spend a lot of money on growing boutique coffee. The current situation is that these farmers go bankrupt because they have invested a lot of resources to grow boutique coffee but have not been able to continue to invest money. "

Sustainable development is the most concerned hot topic at present, and it is also the illusory fourth wave faced by the coffee industry. "judging from the current situation, climate change does have a significant impact on farmers. We need to be vigilant about what this situation means for our existing resources and long-term procurement.

In order for us to continue to operate, we need to study the types of coffee that can combat climate change. Research in this area is under way, but it will take many years. This is indeed an extremely important and urgent issue for this industry. " Moers said.