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Uganda does not hesitate to put illegal farmers in jail in order to improve the quality of coffee beans, but experts believe that this can only be achieved by introducing farming programs, education and other incentives.

Coffee beans are an important export commodity of Uganda, but the quantity and amount of coffee bean exports have declined due to the decline in commodities in recent years. In order to improve the quality of coffee beans to increase exports, the Ugandan government has introduced strict guidelines to maintain quality, and farmers may even be sent to jail if they break the rules.

Ugandan coffee farmer Richard Mutebi was drying coffee beans by the side of the road in his back yard in June but was arrested by the police for several days in prison on the grounds that he had spread the coffee beans on the road without putting on a plastic tarpaulin.

Uganda is a big exporter of coffee in Africa. In order to improve the quality and volume of coffee beans in order to earn more valuable foreign exchange, the government continues to introduce strict measures to achieve the goal.

According to the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA), its June coffee bean export was 260000 6337 bales (each weighing 1 kg), which was less than 280000 5945 bales in May. As a result, the foreign exchange earned from the export of coffee beans in June dropped to 26.5 million US dollars from 27.6 million US dollars in May. Coffee exports account for 25% of foreign exchange.

Coffee is a commodity whose quality is easily affected, and coffee farmers must follow the guidelines to maintain the quality. At present, all the police have been ordered to arrest coffee farmers who do not abide by the rules.

The majority of the Ugandan population drinks tea rather than coffee and sells coffee overseas as much as possible to earn foreign exchange.

1/4 of Uganda's foreign exchange comes from coffee exports, and the Ugandan currency shilling depreciated by about 20 per cent against the dollar last year, increasing the importance of foreign exchange to the Ugandan economy. The shilling exchange rate has been flat against the dollar this year, in part due to the rise in coffee prices.

The Ugandan government has resorted to punitive measures to force farmers to follow the guidelines, not only to improve the quality of coffee exports to increase foreign exchange, but also, like other African countries, to cut into the more profitable global boutique coffee market.

Although Africa cannot compete with Brazil and Vietnam in production, coffee producers from Ethiopia to Tanzania are targeting high-end markets in the United States, Japan and Europe. Because the price of high-quality coffee beans is several times the benchmark price of coffee.

In Ethiopia, for example, in order to win the top coffee market in Europe, the United States and Japan, severe penalties such as increased prison sentences or heavy fines were offered to coffee farmers who failed to meet the quality requirements and exporters who failed to export the highest quality coffee beans.

Although Uganda wants to follow Ethiopia's example, this tough measure undermines the relationship between the government and small coffee farmers. David Muwonge, vice president of Uganda's National Coffee Agriculture and farming Association (NUCAFE), criticized the government for blaming farmers for quality problems.