What are the characteristics of the distribution of coffee producing areas in China? Vietnamese coffee or Yunnan coffee?

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Coffee cultivation in Yunnan has a long history. In 1892, French missionary Tian Deneng came to Zhukula Village in Binchuan, Dali for missionary activities and planted the first coffee bean here. The planted coffee seed gave birth to the life of coffee for the first time in Yunnan, China. This seed became the bud of Yunnan coffee history and opened up a precedent for coffee cultivation in Yunnan. It has a history of a hundred years. In today's Zhukula village, there are still 13 mu of ancient coffee trees, of which 24 are more than 100 years old. Through many studies of coffee culture at the national and provincial level, Zhu Kula coffee is known as the "living fossil" of Chinese coffee, the oldest coffee forest in China.

In mainland China, the earliest coffee cultivation began in Yunnan. Geographical terms such as Zhu Kula, Nongxian Village, Baoshan and Yunnan-Vietnam Railway should be the historical nodes and key words of the origin of coffee in Yunnan. They record every footprint of Yunnan Coffee.

In 1914, the border people of Jingpo nationality introduced coffee to grow in Nongxian Village, Ruili County. At that time, it was introduced as a courtyard cultivation for ornamental purposes. Coffee seeds grow quietly in this land, although the coffee history of Nongxian Village is often hidden in the stream, but Nongxian Village imperceptibly affects the progress of Yunnan coffee and occupies a pivotal position. it is it that opened the door to the history of large-scale cultivation of Baoshan coffee later.

Baoshan, as the earliest area of coffee industrialization in Yunnan Province, the planting history can be traced back to the mid-1950s.

With the continuous maturity of the domestic coffee market and the domestic coffee industry chain, the planting area and output of coffee in Yunnan are also increasing. At present, coffee has been planted in Pu'er City, Baoshan City, Dehong Prefecture, Lincang City, Wenshan Prefecture, Xishuangbanna and other 9 states and 35 counties. By the beginning of 2016, China's coffee planting area exceeded 1.8 million mu, with a total output of 140000 tons, accounting for 1.5% of the global total output. Yunnan coffee planting area is 1.77 million mu, with a total output of 139000 tons, accounting for more than 99% of the country. Yunnan local coffee enterprises, such as Hougu, Lingfeng and so on ushered in the spring.

As a hub connecting South Asia and Southeast Asia, Yunnan Province is located at the pass of the world coffee producing countries such as Vietnam and Thailand in and out of the China-ASEAN Free Trade area. The regional coffee output of the neighboring countries has reached more than 2 million tons, accounting for 1% of the global coffee output. Yunnan has obvious "bridgehead" advantages in coffee trade and market.

Compared with the traditional coffee export countries (Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Indonesia), the export price of coffee in Vietnam is often the lowest, because Vietnamese coffee mainly exports primary products of raw materials (80% of coffee exports are primary processed products, almost equal to raw materials). In addition, some harvested coffee is not mature enough, too many impurities, does not meet the import national standards and so on. Finally, it leads to low quality and low competitiveness.

However, the problem of low quality is not enough to fully explain the low export prices. It is worth mentioning that the coffee harvest season in Vietnam generally lasts from October to January-February next year. In previous years, coffee prices usually fall during the Vietnamese coffee harvest, but coffee prices rise only at the end of the harvest season, with some experts saying that there is an "invisible hand" manipulating Vietnamese coffee prices. Vietnamese coffee exporters are constantly depressed.

Vietnam is the world leader in the export of Robusta coffee, but Vietnam cannot control the price of this coffee, which is almost entirely "controlled" by coffee exchanges in New York or London.

Vietnam's leading coffee exporters say 80-85 per cent of Vietnam's total coffee exports are sold in a similar form of "more refund and less compensation". In other words, the coffee exporter signed a contract with the buyer to sell the coffee, and the buyer submitted an advance payment before the harvest season, and then paid the balance after the harvest season was over. Usually at the time of delivery, the price will be determined according to the price of coffee on the World Exchange at the time of delivery, which is often greatly discounted, sometimes minus dozens of dollars or even more than $100 per ton.