What kinds of coffee trees are there? Introduction to the origin and characteristics of common coffee varieties

Professional coffee knowledge exchange more coffee bean information please follow the coffee workshop (Wechat official account cafe_style)

By understanding the history of coffee [the history and development of coffee! The mysterious red fruit has become a global black gold trend to learn how coffee has spread from Africa to other places. What are the next coffee trees? Unveil the mystery of coffee! (1) what are the coffee tree species? Unveil the mystery of coffee! (2)] it is already a preliminary understanding that the varieties of coffee used for commodity use in the market can be divided into two major categories:

Arabica species (small fruit coffee _ Coffea_arabica)

Robusta species (medium fruit coffee _ Coffea canephora)

This article will explore the so-called boutique coffee, that is, the Arabica species, which extends the names of other varieties, analyze and compare their differences, the following two points are what we want to discuss:

The origin of the variety

The characteristics of the variety

What are the common varieties on the market?

Iron pickup Typica

Iron pickup Typica is arguably the oldest native variety! It was first taken to European and Asian countries, when European powers began to grow coffee in their colonies, which opened the beginning of the growing popularity of coffee farms.

The names of many well-known producing areas and varieties have found that the characteristics of tree species are the same as those of Typica, which can be regarded as distant relatives living overseas.

For example: Java, Blue Mountain, Kona, Elephant beans and so on.

In plant morphology Morphology, Ironhide Typica is best identified in the tip of the tender leaves, which are usually bronze, and the leaf tip is curled.

The branches of Typica are generally straight and thin, with a range of 50 °~ 80 °between the lateral branches and the main branches. The tree species can grow up to 5m high, which means that the branches are longer.

However, the iron pickup Typica usually has a meticulous flavor performance, but the disadvantage is that the unit yield is too low.

Bourbon Bourbon

The gestation mother tree given to France by the Dutch was found on the French colonial island of Reunion (Bourbon), which belongs to the natural mutant of Typica.

Yellow Bourbon

The characteristics of the plant are similar to those of the iron pickup Typica, the tender leaves are turquoise (Lyme), the bourbon has thicker trunks and shorter branches, the plant is more stable than the iron pickup Typica, and the unit yield is nearly 30% higher than the iron pickup Typica. It is widely planted in America.

There are other [gene mutants] in bourbon Bourbon, which are shown in the different colors of ripe fruit: red bourbon, yellow bourbon, pink bourbon, orange bourbon and so on.

Pink Bourbon

Red Bourbon

Kaddura Caturra

Kaddura Caturra, found in Brazil, belongs to a bourbon single gene mutant or a natural dwarfing mutant. Why is it called dwarfing? The reason is that the mutated gene mainly controls the distance between branches.

The plant of Kaddura Caturra is similar to that of bourbon Bourbon, but the main branch is shorter and shorter as a whole, which is convenient for coffee farmers to harvest. In addition, the fruit density of Kaddura Caturra is higher and its yield is higher than that of bourbon Bourbon, so it is widely planted in all producing areas of Central and South America.

Caturra

Mondovorno ∕ New World Mundo Novo

This variety is special and belongs to the natural cross-breeding of bourbon Bourbon and iron pickup Typica. Found in 1943, Brazil.

Due to its high yield and high resistance to insect pests, it is called New Hope, and this variety accounts for 40% of all varieties in Brazil. The disadvantage is that the plant is too high to be harvested.

Mundo Novo

Kaduai Catuai

Developed by the Brazilian Institute of Agricultural Research in 1949, Kadouai Catuai is a natural cross between New World Mundo Novo and Yellow bourbon Yellow Bourbon.

Kadou Catuai means "very good" in Tupi-Guarani.

Kaduai Catuai plants are short, with short angles between lateral branches and trunk, and high fruit density.

Convenient for farmers to harvest, high yield can increase economic benefits, ripe fruit can be divided into two kinds of Catua í Amarelo (yellow), Catua í Vermelho (red), and the flavor of Kaduai Catuai is characterized by good sweetness.

Widely cultivated in Latin America, Kadouai Catuai accounts for nearly 50% of the acreage of Brazilian coffee, which is a very high-yielding variety.

Catuai

Elephant bean Maragogype

Found in a city in Brazil called Maragogype, it is a natural mutant of Typica.

The characteristics of the plant were higher than those of Typica and bourbon Bourbon, the size of leaf was much larger than that of other varieties, and the fruit was 1.5 times larger than that of other varieties. So it is called Elephant beans (elephant bean).

Maragogype

Pacamara Pacamara

In the 1950s, it was bred by the Coffee Institute in El Salvador. Hybrid of Pacas Pacas and elephant bean Maragogype.

The characteristics of the plant are similar to that of Pacas Pacas, which is short and high yield. if the mature fruit is large, it will be inherited to Maragogype, and the fruit of coffee is larger than that of other varieties.

Pacamara

SL-varieties (SL28&SL34)

The SL series is not a hybrid, but a hybrid developed through science and technology. SL refers to Scott Labs, a laboratory in Kenya.

At present, there are two kinds of SL series, SL28 and SL34, which are related to bourbon Bourbon and iron pickup Typica respectively.

SL28 not only has good quality, but also has strong adaptability to dry environment.

SL34 has good water resistance and strong rainfall resistance.

Both of them have good flavor performance and good yield, and are widely cultivated in Kenya.

SL28

SL34

Rose summer Geisha/Gesha

"rediscovered" in Panama, the first Rosa Gesha varieties were brought to Panama in 1963, but over the decades, the quality and flavor of Rosa Gesha were not favored, and it was later found that the planting altitude was too low. In 2004, Rose Summer Gesha stood out in the coffee bean competition, and its special flavor was seen again.

The plant characteristics of Rosa Gesha are similar to those of iron truck Typica, and there are several characteristics that can be easily identified. The plant is taller, the trunk and branches are thinner, and the lateral branches facing the top are 45 °~ 50 °upward.

The flavor performance is completely different from other varieties, Rosa Gesha is usually rich in citrus aroma, sweetness and white flower series of flowers.

The lateral branches at the top of Gesha showed 45 °~ 50 °.

Conclusion

The varieties listed above are the varieties of coffee that we often see in our daily life. In fact, there are more varieties. We will continue to sort them out in the future and share them with you slowly.

As for the flavor characteristics and taste of each variety, in fact, it is related to the different planting environment, the flavor performance will be different.

For example, the same rose summer Gesha variety, when planted in Panama and Costa Rica, the plants will reflect the corresponding flavor performance according to the individual soil composition, microclimate, altitude and other environmental conditions. Therefore, we will not discuss the flavor part of the article, the flavor of different varieties of coffee can only be felt by you to actually drink.

END