What kinds of coffee beans do you have? An introduction to the Origin of Coffee Variety names and the relationship between Coffee varieties

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This article will analyze the origin of coffee variety names through the history and migration of coffee, and what is the relationship between coffee varieties?

Through the observation and classification of science and plant morphology, we will find that almost all the varieties circulating around the world come from the same ancient tree species, and different tree species have been slowly derived from generation by generation.

Why the last article [what are the coffee trees? Unveil the mystery of coffee! It is estimated that there are at least 2000 to 3000 coffee varieties in Ethiopia, but not every tree species can leave Ethiopia and find a suitable environment to continue to take root and breed the next generation.

According to historical records, from Ethiopia across the Red Sea to Yemen, Dutch traders secretly transplanted coffee trees to Java or brought coffee trees to France as gifts. Finally, because of the colonial era of European powers, coffee trees have traveled across the ocean to India, the Caribbean, America and other suitable areas for cultivation.

At that time, coffee trees were brought to a new environment for planting. When coffee trees arrived at a new environment, the spectral range of plant genes became smaller, and varieties gradually began to evolve due to differences in planting environment.

Ethiopian coffee trees have been transplanted all over the world. Why do only a few dozen coffee species exist commercially?

In fact, not all coffee trees can leave Ethiopia to grow in other environments. Because coffee trees have very strict conditions for planting environment, they refuse to marry without good conditions.

Let's continue to know what kind of coffee the cup in our hand comes from and where it comes from!

Who are the coffee varieties that migrate around the world?

Mother of coffee varieties

The current science and technology collects DNA from plants and classifies similar genes one by one through genetic comparison. However, this kind of variety identification method is too expensive and not timely. It is actually inconvenient for coffee bean buyers and farmers. Therefore, coffee buyers or researchers will first observe the appearance of plants to make a preliminary determination of the variety.

Take the purchase of apples as an example, apples have wine red, green or red with yellow apples, apple surface is smoother, rougher differences, etc., are through the observation of different apple appearance difference to carry out demand purchase.

However, this method of identification is called "plant morphology," and coffee varieties are identified according to the appearance of coffee trees, including the shape and color of leaves and veins, the height, height, size and size of coffee trees, the distance between branches of coffee trees, and the color and appearance of coffee fruits.

So what species are being carried around the world?

Iron Pickup Typica

The coffee species that were first brought from Ethiopia to all parts of the world were found to belong to the Arabica species after sampling analysis, and the iron pickup Typica was the first term used to describe coffee varieties. Typica means ordinary in Latin, which means iron pickup Typica is the most common coffee variety seen around the world.

Later coffee trees planted around the world will undergo natural mutations due to environmental conditions, which will cause changes in the appearance and fruit of the coffee tree itself, and then derive different varieties.

Through plant morphology observation, iron pickup Typica has the following characteristics that can be identified

The bud part is bronze

Leaf tips pointed and elegantly curled

Maragojipe

Maragojipe is a small town in Brazil. Coffee trees in Maragojipe are found to have large trunks, leaves, coffee fruits and seeds on the plains where tin card Typica is planted outside the town. Local farmers planted this coffee seed individually and discovered that it was a mutant of the iron pickup Typica, which was named Maragojipe because it was found in the Maragojipe region.

Because Maragojipe coffee seeds are much larger than the usual ones, which is often referred to as "elephant beans".

On the left is a typical coffee bean size, and on the right is an elephant bean Maragojipe.

The iron pickup Typica planted all over the world has different variety names. The usual naming method will come from the name of the village or town where it was found. Here are a few different iron pickup Typica names.

Other Iron Pickups Typica Name:

Other Iron Pickups Typica Name--Origin or Region of Cultivation

Pluma Hidalgo--Mexican Town Machkar

San Ramon--Iron pickup truck grown in Guatemala

San Bernardo--Iron pickup truck grown in Brazil

Kona--iron pickup truck grown in Hawaii

Bergundal/Garundang--Iron pickup truck grown in Indonesia

Kent/Chichumalgur--Iron pickup truck grown in India

Jamaica Blue Mountain--Iron pickup truck grown in Jamaica

Bourbon

Bourbon is another common breed name, but it is actually a member of the Typica family, which is grown on the present-day island of Reunion (Bourbon) in the Indian Ocean and was once a small French island. Seeds brought from France to Bourbon Island as "mother trees" were planted and combined with other local varieties to produce mutations, or other versions of natural mutation into different varieties.

Whatever happened to this particular plant on Bourbon Island, the mutation produced dramatic changes, not only in plant morphology and character, but also in yield.

Bourbon can be identified by the following characteristics through plant morphology observation

The bud part is bright green (lime color)

Bourbon's high yield, Bourbon species popular cultivation in the 19th century, from Brazil to Guatemala, El Salvador and other Central and South American countries, Bourbon has since become the second largest variety after Ethiopia iron pickup Typica.

Caturra

Cadulla Caturra is a region of Brazil where Bourbon is grown, where Bourbon is combined with others to form a varietal Cadulla Caturra, which is shorter and easier to harvest and has higher yields. Interestingly, what actually makes Kadura Caturra shorter is a mutation in a gene segment that controls branch distance from Bourbon.

Cadulla Caturra is a small plant, easy to harvest, and its yield is higher than Bourbon Bour

Here are the Bourbon names grown around the world:

Other Bourbon names--place or region of cultivation

Tekisic--El Salvador

Pacas--El Salvador

Chocola-Brazil

yellow Bourbon--Brazil

Orange Bourbon-Brazil

French Mission-French Bourbon Island

Timo Hybrid

In 1940, a strange thing happened on Timor Island in Indonesia. In an area where iron card Typica was grown, iron card Typica was found to have "heterosis" with the local Robusta variety.

In biological theory, because the number of chromosomes of the two species is fundamentally different, it is basically impossible to breed to produce the next generation, so how to combine into a new species, in fact, scientists have so far been unable to determine why.

The variety retains both Arabica and Robusta, especially Robusta's high disease and pest resistance. For Indonesia, where leaf embroidery disease was rampant at that time, it really solved many problems! So the world began to grow such varieties.

Although the Timors retain Arabica flavor and have the advantage of Robusta disease resistance, they are still inferior to Arabica flavor in terms of flavor.

Catimor

In order to produce higher yields, farmers looked for a high-yield variety, Kadulla Caturra, to try to cross Timo Hybrid, with satisfactory results. Thus, between 1950 and 1960, Catimor varieties were planted all over the world, but for coffee buyers, coffee was still selected according to the flavor of coffee.

Even if Catimor had higher disease resistance or higher yield, it still retained the Robusta gene, and its flavor performance was still inferior to Arabica, resulting in the decline of coffee quality and flavor at that time.

The following are other Old School hybrid varieties:

Mundo Nuovo means "New World" in Portugal and (Typica x Bourbon) is grown in Brazil.

Catuai,(Mundo Nuovo x Caturra) grown in Brazil.

SL-28 (Taganyika Drought Resistant x Sudan Rimi), interbred in the 1920s by Scott Lab.

Pacamara，(Pacas Bourbon x Maragojipe)

green Revolution

What is the Green Revolution? To put it simply, during the 1950s and 1960s, farmers planted hybrids containing the Robusta Robusta gene for coffee trees with high yield and high disease resistance. Coupled with the fact that coffee drinkers were not particular about the flavor at that time, the quality of coffee began to decline.

As a result, coffee buyers, farmers and scientists gradually realized that coffee flavor is the most important key to tasting coffee, so they began to improve agricultural quality in a scientific way. The above coffee varieties, whether mutants, hybrids or artificial breeding, actually have the same purpose:

Increase the output of coffee

Increase the disease resistance of coffee trees

The convenience of harvesting coffee fruits

Enhance the flavor of coffee

However, the "modern hybrid technology" carried out through the laboratory in recent decades shows that scientists have already begun to improve the quality of agriculture, and another important purpose is to breed coffee varieties with good yield, disease resistance and flavor through scientific methods.

The following is a mix of coffee research institutions and units in various countries:

Colombia-- Columbia Coffee Alliance

Ruiru 11mer-Kenya Coffee Research Institute

The Katim variety developed by Sarchimor-- Costa Rica

Ateng-- Indonesia

Icatu-- Colombia

Castillo-- Colombia

IHCAFE 90-Honduran Coffee Research Institute

Conclusion

Now we finally have a better understanding of the variety of coffee. The next time you go into a cafe and wait for coffee, see if the store sells coffee beans. Remember to pick it up and take a look at the content. There may be the name of the variety shared in this article.

With regard to the Green Revolution, I would like to sincerely thank coffee farmers and scientists for their efforts to ensure that the coffee we have has a good flavor and quality. So every grain of coffee is the hard work of the farmers.

END