How much do you know about French coffee?

When it comes to Bordeaux in France, people may think more of the world-famous Bordeaux wine. But in fact, coffee, a commodity in world trade, has also been closely related to Bordeaux for many years. The first coffee shop in Europe appeared in the mid-17th century. With the development of coffee trade, two French ports, Le Havre and Bordeaux, have gradually become trade centers for imported coffee beans. For more than three hundred years, coffee has left more than just a legacy in Bordeaux.

The editor's coffee beans are green, so they are also called "green coffee". Green coffee is roasted before it becomes a common brown coffee bean. The roasted coffee beans are crushed and then brewed or boiled in boiling water to become fragrant and delicious coffee.

Coffee culture

French coffee culture has a long history and is by no means as simple as eating and drinking. A cup of coffee with an afternoon of sunshine and time, this is a typical French coffee, the important thing is not the taste but the light attitude and style. The French pay attention to the environment and sentiment when drinking coffee, reading, writing, talking and killing time at the small coffee table by the side of the road.

The white table, the basket-colored coffee cup, the sunshade fluttering in the wind, the busy waiter and, of course, the leisurely organ, are all the characteristics of the French cafe.

These cafes were born in Concorde Square, the Champs Elysees, Montmartre and Montparnasse, and then went to glory. The new trend of thought of French literature and art takes root here. These cafes have also witnessed the decline of French culture from its infancy to its peak, so it is not too much to say that the history of French coffee culture is the history of modern French culture.

Coffee is the most popular drink in the world. The delicious taste of coffee makes it one of the most valuable basic products of mankind; it is an important source of foreign exchange for developing countries other than oil; tens of millions of people in the world depend on coffee-related income for survival, and countless people drink coffee regularly. You can enjoy a good cup of coffee in any big city in the world, from New York, London to Sydney, Rome, Tokyo and Bangkok. The history of coffee is also the delicious history that more and more people love coffee. Coffee always brings people pleasure and excitement.

Over the past three hundred years, coffee has spread to every corner of the world and gradually become an indispensable part of the economic life style of the major trading countries. In the spread of coffee, people have tried hundreds of ways to extract the best taste from coffee beans. Coffee is no longer a luxury, it is very convenient to make, and it can make a variety of unique flavors.

Today, a variety of novel ways to make coffee have been invented, and coffee, like everything else in the world, is constantly undergoing changes. With the popularity of Italian espresso, cappuccino and flavored coffee, coffee culture is showing a new style. The variety and quality of instant coffee have also reached a level never before seen in history. Good coffee is enjoyed by more and more coffee owners, which is becoming a new trend.

With the economic development of China, Russia and India and the increase of national income, people here also begin to enjoy the delicious coffee. There are more and more signs that in these countries with a long tradition of tea culture, coffee is not a substitute for tea, but a good supplement. The development and spread of coffee culture is far from over, and more people are beginning to experience the unique charm of coffee.

Coffee planting

Coffee is grown in nearly 80 countries in Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Africa and Asia, and coffee gardens are usually located between the Tropic of Cancer. The largest coffee producers are Brazil and Colombia, followed by Indonesia, Vietnam and Mexico. However, some coffee-producing places with small production, such as Jamaica and Yemen, produce very high quality coffee.

Coffee trees can generally grow to about three meters high in a mild climate, sufficient sunshine and abundant rainfall. Coffee is best planted in fertile volcanic soil, coffee trees need careful care and care, picking and processing also takes a lot of time and labor. Patience is also important, because coffee trees usually don't begin to bear fruit until three or four years later. In spite of this, coffee is still being grown in more and more parts of the world.

Coffee complex

"not at home, in the coffee shop; not in the coffee shop, on the way to the coffee shop." This is a very popular coffee advertising phrase, I think it is the most vivid to describe the coffee complex of the French.

It is reported that France only introduced coffee from Africa in 1657. However, as soon as coffee entered France, it was warmly welcomed by the French, so that coffee became an inseparable thing in the daily life of the French, and developed into a coffee culture full of French characteristics.

In France, whether it is a bustling city or a secluded town, as long as there is activity, there must be a cafe. Cafes can be found on the side of the square, roadside, carriages, cruise ships, and even on the tall tower of the Eiffel Tower, large or small, classical or modern, magnificent or simply designed. Among them, the most distinctive and romantic ones are the open-air cafes all over the streets. Often in the corner of the square, at the corner of the street, in the shade of the bridgehead, and on the crowded Champs Elysees, rows of narrow seats can be seen under colorful umbrellas. Like a cinema, these seats all face the street. On one side of the screen is a crowded and bizarre street view. For two or three euros, you can choose a seat to sit down. With a rich aroma of coffee, you can browse aimlessly with a newspaper, chat with a few relatives and friends, quietly recuperate with your eyes closed, and you can say nothing and just be in a daze.

"A cup of coffee can pass the whole afternoon, followed by a piece of cake with attractive fragrance and sparkling glow, and night is about to fall." This is a scene in which the writer Chen Danyan depicts daily life in Paris. In Paris, as long as you push open the door of a cafe, you will immediately have a feeling of holding your breath. Although it is often full of friends here, the whole atmosphere is always quiet. There are no bright lights, no gorgeous colors, only looming music. This music lingers in your heart, and it is easy to sink into a romantic and soft dream before you know it. On the other hand, the groups and piles of coffee customers in the street open-air cafe are slowly tasting coffee, enjoying the street view leisurely, and spending time freely and comfortably, which is a unique scenery in French social life. For the French, perhaps the taste of coffee is not the most important, more important is to feel and experience a leisurely atmosphere and leisurely atmosphere. Spending several times more than making a pot of coffee at home to drink a small cup in a cafe is obviously secondary to quenching your thirst. Coffee as a drink is no longer an end in their eyes, but a form, a means, a carrier. There is no shortage of coffee addicts in France, but more people are addicted to coffee shops.

Of course, many people also complain about the French's leisure fashion of being in cafes. For example, Americans who produce instant coffee think that this is a sign of laziness, and the reason why the economic development of France has a large gap with the United States is obviously related to this leisurely wind. But the Frenchman responded with a joke: an American asked a Frenchman who was in a cafe, "Why don't you look for a job?" The Frenchman asked, "what is the purpose of looking for a job?" Americans say, "you can make money by finding a job." The Frenchman asked, "what can you do if you make money?" Americans say, "if you make money, you can live a good life." The Frenchman asked again, "how to live a good life?" The American said, "you can have coffee in a cafe." The Frenchman smiled. This story raises a question that may never be answered: do people live for work, or do people work for life?

The French cultural editor once heard that France once drank less coffee because of a shortage of coffee, and immediately saw more people taking a nap. It may be an exaggeration, but it is true that the French are addicted to coffee. When the "Gulf War" broke out in 1991, France was also one of the countries participating in the war. some domestic people worried that the war would affect the supply of daily necessities, so they rushed to supermarkets to buy them. Even the TV station was alarmed by the fact that when the camera looked at customers who were full of "scarce supplies", they found that they took the most coffee and sugar. At one point, it became a big joke at that time.

The French do not seem to pay attention to the taste, but the environment and atmosphere. Most of them do not want to drink alone behind closed doors, but join in the fun outside, even if the price of a small cup is enough to make a pot at home. They did not drink hurriedly, but tasted it slowly, tasted it carefully, read books and newspapers, talked about it, and "soaked" for most of the day. When I walked through six or seven large exhibition halls at the Science and Technology Expo, I saw that there were cafes on the corner to facilitate exchanges and negotiations among people from all walks of life.

French people develop this habit of drinking coffee, whether they consciously express a kind of elegant charm, a kind of romantic sentiment, a kind of comfortable feeling of enjoying life. It can be said that this is a traditional and unique coffee culture. Because of this, the places where people can rest and drink coffee in France can be said to be all over the streets, under the shade of trees, by the road, by the square, on the river bank, on cruise ships, on street balconies, and even on the Eiffel Tower. There are coffee shops, cafes, halls, rooms, all of which are attached to buildings and covered by roofs, regardless of form, style, size or size. And the most popular and romantic ones are those open-air cafes, which are almost a portrayal of French life. Many open-air cafes occupy many public places, such as a corner of the square, sidewalks on the streets, even on the bustling boulevard of Xiangxie, where colorful umbrellas have become a unique streetscape that embellishes Paris. it seems that the municipal authorities are particularly tolerant of this. The chairs of the cafe are almost all facing the road, which is obviously an intentional auditorium, and the road in front of it is the big stage where the repertoire will never be repeated. Look at all kinds of guests, despite the hustle and bustle of the street, heavy traffic, a cup under the umbrella, leisurely and leisurely. You can take a local newspaper and read it aimlessly, smoke with cigarettes, and enjoy the colorful streets. Here, there will be bright fashion flash, there will be intoxicating fragrance, there will be Jionna colorful girls passing by, and often street musicians will bring you beautiful melodies. The situation is intoxicating. It is not difficult to see the original whispering lovers hugging and kissing, but others can not envy so much, because this is in France. If you are lucky, there may be a French beauty sitting on the chair beside you, which will add a lot of visual enjoyment to you. Here, a Parisian girl sipping coffee while reading a fashion magazine is seen as a symbol of fashion.

In addition to those open-air cafes that look up to the blue sky, there is no shortage of magnificent or simple and elegant people in about 170000 of the cafes in France. Especially in Paris, some cafes are themselves legendary places of interest. In the old dynasty of the Middle Ages, the focus of French cultural life was on the court. In the age of enlightenment in the 18th century, the focus of culture began to shift to various salons, clubs and cafes. The LeProcoPe Cafe in Latin District, for example, is associated with the French Revolution, which influenced the whole world more than two hundred years ago. Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, the thinkers of the 18th century European Enlightenment, as well as Robespierre, Danton and Mara, the three heroes of the Great Revolution, were all regulars here. At that time, several works of Voltaire and Diderot's world's first encyclopedia were written here, as well as the red, white and blue tricolor hats symbolically used during the Great Revolution. A few years before the revolution broke out, it had been a place where blood was boiling and storms were born. It is said that Napoleon came here before his fortune and left a cap for drinking coffee. Later, it was a social place for first-class writers, actors, gentlemen and ladies to gather and talk, including the famous Hugo, Balzac, GeorgeSand, Zola and so on. Later, Prokopu, a literary publication, was founded in the name of this cafe. Therefore, the traditional decoration, antique furnishings and various cultural relics preserved in the museum are particularly rich. The pattern and scenery of the museum do not seem to have "taken on a new look" due to the changes of the times, and customers still like its classicality.

The College Cafe in Montmartre is a symbol of the era of the University of Paris in the 19th century. Here has long been inhabited by artists from all over the world, they take the cafe as the center, together to build a brilliant era of the University of Paris. Opposite St. Germain's Cathedral, there is also a 19th-century-style Les Deux Magots cafe, but it rose to fame in the 1920s. A group of surrealist writers and painters have been eloquent here for a long time, burning the hot sun of artistic ideas, and finally created a "Demag Literature Award" named after this cafe, which continues to this day. It is said that Hemingway used to drink coffee here to capture creative inspiration. However, a cup of coffee sold elsewhere for 4 to 6 francs can be sold for 22 francs here, and this literary and artistic creation is really valuable. Interestingly, the DeFlore Cafe next door, also a famous academic garden, flourished after the war with the presence of more philosophers. At that time, Sartre, Simon Bova and others used to sit in fixed seats. as there were always cultural elites entering and leaving the two cafes, the area was gradually full of bookstores, opened more and more literary cafes and restaurants, and later became the birthplace of Belle-Lette.

It can be seen that French coffee culture has a long history and is by no means as simple as eating and drinking. Since the beginning of this century, cafes have often become centers of social activities, clubs for intellectuals to debate issues, and even a typical symbol of French society and culture. There are few French artists who don't have sex with cafes, as do writers, musicians and painters. On the one hand, Impressionist painters of the 19th century made a living by painting portraits in cafes, on the other hand, they talked with like-minded people to explore artistic styles, themes, techniques and new methods. Different cafes can form different cultural circles and produce different art schools. The composer Chabrier used to spend every night in a cafe with the poet Verran and the painter Monet. Their artistic ideas influence each other, and their works naturally echo the trend, reflecting the spirit of Paris at the end of the 19th century. The painter Van Gogh once lived in the attic of a French cafe. He was so affectionate about the cafe that he wrote in a letter: "I hope to hold an exhibition of my personal paintings in this cafe one day." Even today, there are still many cafes in Paris that are permeated with a strong cultural atmosphere. For example, in the "Lighthouse Cafe" near the Bastille Square, scholars and poets are often gathered to talk about very serious philosophical topics. The person in charge is a doctor of philosophy from the Paris Institute of political Science, and most of the participants consider themselves "philosophers", which can really reflect the side that the French can talk about. Although it may be thousands of miles away from real life, there are many enthusiasts, including ladies in pearl necklaces, housewives who have just come from the vegetable market, lawyers in stiff suits and homeless people who have no fixed abode. The furnishings of this coffee shop are old and ordinary, and the predecessors are only looking for a kind of spiritual food, but drinking coffee is secondary. The strong cultural atmosphere here is like the fragrance coming from the coffee cup, which can be smelled and within reach, and the breeze formed by the party not only affects Paris, but also drives places such as Stratzburg and Toulouse. It is said that the revival of this trend lies in trying to regain the sense of community living together and nostalgia for the traditional philosophical culture. People who have become accustomed to affluence and modern life have begun to rethink many of the lost values of life. The trend of attaching importance to taste, enjoyment, and the pursuit of nature and leisure has gradually become a trend, and the wave of nostalgia is also prevailing in Western Europe. Whether the children and grandchildren of those coffee shop regulars in the past have consciously entered the time-honored cafes that have been restored according to the traditional style.

A large number of cafes are located in the corners of the streets, more civilian, but also serve the functions of taverns and snacks. Here regardless of grade composition, but also regardless of lofty and secular, to have a cup can sit idle for half a day, or chat, or read a newspaper. On the other hand, relatives, friends, colleagues and classmates are also willing to hang out here and have a heart-to-heart talk. People engaged in art and learning often get together to argue, and no one else is surprised if they are talking to themselves alone. Everyone is enjoying leisure, no one thinks that this is a waste of time, and many people are willing to believe that those profound philosophies and the flames of wisdom are often born in this environment. This is a unique place where you can smoke and pull your canvas shoes, bring your pet dog, smoke cigarettes and, of course, leave your suit open without a tie. Anyway, suit yourself, the characteristic here is casual, active, unrestrained, very much in line with the character of the French. Intentionally or unintentionally, the small round table on the coffee table is generally very small, and the two people often touch their knees when they sit. If they are lovers, they just hold their cheeks and frown, passing on the breath to each other, showing more intimacy and harmony. Even if it is not a couple, it brings the two sides a lot closer to each other. What can't be said? The origin of coffee is not France. Coffee was first introduced to France in 1657. However, coffee culture has been brought by the French nation to this almost unworldly realm and has become a spiritual symbol. Indeed, every night we see in Paris and other places, even in the middle of the night, the passengers in the subway are deserted, and other shops on the street have already closed, but the cafes dotted with lights are still brightly lit and full of friends. No matter day or night, the French always perform their unique coffee culture endlessly and widely.

3 reputation editor common people's living room

There are three places where French people exchange ideas: a church, a salon, and a cafe.

The church is the oldest meeting place in the western world. Although many French Catholics still go to church every week. However, modern life makes it difficult for many young people to adapt to this tradition. Besides, unless you confess to a priest and speak in front of God, it is too serious and restrained. However, today, many people still go to church, especially the retirees, who can attend concerts and community activities in addition to worship.

The word "salon" comes from the transliteration of French and originally refers to the living room of the aristocratic family. In feudal times, Sharon was a place where dignitaries and dignitaries socialized and fell in love. In the salon, there is more elegance and infighting, and there is hardly any real exchange of ideas. In modern society, salon has developed as a place to exchange ideas, and has expanded from the West to the East. However, in most cases, it is not free from the suspicion of gathering elegant people. At the very least, it belongs to the literati and has nothing to do with ordinary people.

Cafes are different from the above two, especially for the French. Leon Dude is praised for knowing every stone in Paris like the back of his hand. He once said that cafes are more of a place for French people to exchange ideas and feelings than salons.

In France, cafes do not belong to a small number of people, they belong to every Frenchman. It is a place where every Frenchman, including the homeless, has the right to go for a few francs. Therefore, it has a more universal significance than the salon. The cafe has always been the most familiar and cordial corner of life for the French.

When I was in Paris, I used to visit a French friend in the Maynell Mundang neighborhood and sit and chat with him in a small cafe nearby. The small cafe is located on a street corner of Pyrenees Street. The space is small and the environment is dark, but the tables and chairs are clean and the coffee is always strong and fragrant.

The boss's family knows my friends very well, as well as all the old residents in the neighborhood. The landlady told me that for more than 30 years, she had watched my friend grow up and learned a lot about him, including the naughty and stupid things she did with her friends when she was a child.

Friends said that most of the people living in this neighborhood are ordinary citizens, mainly small shopkeepers, small staff, teachers, workers and so on. After work, they come here to drink and chat with their companions, they are broad and like-minded, and there is no distinction between social hierarchy and status. Some people sit alone in a quiet corner with a cup of coffee or a glass of red wine on the table. There are also people who stand at the bar and drink before going to work in the morning, and then leave in a hurry. In the evening, especially after 9 p.m., guests are more leisurely, or a glass of coconut wine, or a glass of beer, leisurely. Some customers, interested in it, order a favorite song on the slot machine, drink and smoke while listening to the song.

Small cafes are an essential part of community life. People come when they are happy and melancholy, some with the joy of their first love, others with the pain of being lovelorn. Men and women, there are laughter, melancholy tears, silence, debauchery, all kinds of people. On the other hand, the owners of small cafes are usually well-informed and moderate in dealing with people, giving people a sense of trust. They will not only entertain those who are happy, but also comfort those who are worried.

These ordinary words of the landlady and her friends express the characteristics of so many small cafes in the streets of France.

In addition, from Paris to other provinces, from downtown to secluded alleys, from metropolises to small towns, there are countless caf é s of all sizes: upper-class, rustic, knowledgeable, artistic, warm, gentle, peaceful, or depressed. Many cafes also have open-air cafes. Enter different cafes at different times, you can see a variety of scenes, from which you can get rich and diverse experiences and feelings. Cafes can be said to be the epitome of French society, truly reflecting all aspects of French social life.

French thought

The ideological spark of the French Renaissance broke out from the cafe. The spirit of "freedom, equality and fraternity" originated from the talk of enlightening scholars in cafes and spread to the whole world. It was in the Prokop Cafe that Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and encyclopedic scholars decided to challenge medieval theology and benighted traditions in the spirit of humanism and science. And in 1789, "Down with the tyrant! Destroy the Bastille! " The bugle is also sounded from the cafe.

In Paris, the Prokop Cafe has a glorious history unmatched by other cafes. It has hosted French regency celebrities, Jacobin politicians Danton and Robespierre during the Great Revolution, and Musser, the romantic poet of the Restoration. It also bears witness to the love story of the French woman writer GeorgeSand with the poet Musser and the music master Chopin. Realistic writers Balzac and Flaubert, symbolist poets Baudelaire and Verland, etc., used to be regulars here.

Prokop Cafe, which has experienced ups and downs and ups and downs, still exists today. It is located on a narrow, dark street in the St. Germain neighborhood of Paris, welcoming young ladies and literati from all over the world. It has neither expanded nor intended to open branches in other neighborhoods and other cities. It remains the same and has become one of the cultural relics of Paris, and it is a good place for tourists to mourn the ancient thoughts. Therefore, with the continuous number of tourists, its survival is not a problem.

Of course, the politics of cafes is completely different from that of aristocratic salons or opera boxes. During the French Revolution, aristocrats and royalists gathered in cafes to spread rumors and demagogic people. Marla, a revolutionary, was so dissatisfied with this that he once wanted to ban cafes. Fortunately, he did not do so, otherwise it would be an indelible stain in the history of French cafes. After all, the French are more stupid than the Chinese, and they didn't even think of putting the warning "Don't talk about national affairs" on the wall of the cafe. Therefore, politics can be said to be rampant in French cafes without hindrance.

In the cafe in Paris, I have heard the political speeches of madmen and the philosophical criticism of tramps. The former lists a long list of French political party leaders and their political views, irrefutably pointing out that these politicians are all scum. The latter refutes Aristotle, Descartes, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Russell, existentialism and their social influence one by one, and comes to the conclusion that all these philosophers and their doctrines are false and inconsistent. Only he, an upright tramp, is a true philosopher who truly believes in his own philosophical theory and doctrine, and keeps his word and practices.

The two brothers coincidentally gave me two unique lessons in social politics and philosophy in different time and space. After listening, I benefited a lot. I more or less understood the political situation in the cafe and further understood the meaning of freedom.

It is said that in the era of the second Empire, the French politician Gambola contacted friends of the press and other comrades in the cafe to jointly support the Republic. After the first World War, Clemenceau, a French politician, was active in the cafes of Montmartre Heights and became acquainted with literati painters. As a result, he won the favor of progressive people from all walks of life and became president of France. During World War II, despite the tight control of the Gestapo in Germany, cafes in Paris and major cities remained the primary focal point of the resistance, as evidenced by the resourcefulness and shrewdness of the French.

In modern society, cafes no longer have the political spies of the old days, and at the same time, cafe politics has declined. Today, French cafes, politically speaking, have become a place for ordinary people to vent their discontent and grievances. Contemporary politicians value modern media such as campaign rallies, television, advertising, radio and the Internet, and no longer have a penchant for cafes loved by their ancestors.

Emotional place

In the coffee shop, the lights are bright or dim, and the smoke is ethereal, which makes people hallucinate. The aroma of coffee is rich, the atmosphere is elegant and romantic, which sharpens the mind and senses. As a result, cafes have become a favorite place for couples. There are also people who go from strangers to acquaintances and even lovers in cafes.

There is a French song called "three Pigeon Cafe", which tells a love story that takes place in a cafe: a pair of hero and heroine who do not know each other often patronize the Cafe three Pigeons, meet many times, but do not know each other. After several hesitations in the winter, they finally sat down at the same table and chatted, gradually talking about everything from the trivia of life to the appreciation of literature, from philosophical theories to opinions on life. They found that they were so similar to each other and their interests were so similar. Two lonely hearts beat to the same beat, and they didn't have to meet each other on time at the cafe every day. On a sunny day, they moved from the indoor to the outdoor cafe to bask in the warm sunshine and watch the people come and go in the small square in front of them. Sometimes, they go to the streets together, walking and talking. Before they knew it, the two fell in love with each other, but neither of them told the truth. With the coming of spring, the moment of separation follows. For some reason, one day, the girl didn't come again, and the young man suddenly felt a sense of loss. He went back to the cafe many times and kept watch all day, but the girl never showed up again. As the weeks passed, the young man no longer kept watch blindly. He returned to his old habit and came to sit in the cafe every day at that particular time. Did he get rid of the love? Is he still looking forward to and dreaming about the good old days while he is thinking about them?

In fact, this love story can only be regarded as an ordinary encounter in real life in Paris, but the sentimental melody and tragic ending are sad and hard to let go.

Of course, there are stories that everyone is happy about. A French couple I know. The husband's name is Jerome and the wife's name is Anna. Once, they pointed to a cafe on the corner of St. Michel Street in the Latin district and told me. It was there that they met, fell in love and formed a good marriage. They have two children. The boy's name is Louis and the girl's name is Mary. They also told me that there are countless stories like them.

The French are used to making friends in cafes. When new and old friends meet, they will probably meet in a cafe and ask for a cup of coffee or other drinks to talk about business and friendship leisurely. A cup of coffee for a date in a cafe has the taste of "friendship between gentlemen as light as water" as described by the ancient Chinese. The only difference is that coffee is used instead of green tea.

When there was an unexpected power outage one day when the school was studying in France, Alan Pollard, a professor of international law, had an idea, that is, he led the whole class to a nearby cafe, moved the class to a public place, ordered a cup of coffee for each student, and continued to finish the interrupted class in the fragrant smell of coffee. The other guests seated in the cafe watched the scene curiously, without any sign of silence being disturbed. This is really a very interesting law lesson.

Literature and art

A history of French literature begins with the story of the cafe. The White Sheep Cafe is the oldest and noblest cafe in Paris. it is also the place where fable writer La Fontaine, poet Boarro, comedian Moliere and tragedy writer Racine meet their friends. The street prodigal son and street poet Francois Veyron often haunts the three Rice ears Cafe.

Many cafes in Paris are famous for their literature and art, mainly located three blocks, namely, Montmartre Heights, Saint-Germain and Montparnasse grasslands on the left bank of the Seine.

In Montmartre Heights, the most famous is the Rabbit Coffee Bar. It is behind the Sacred Heart Cathedral, with an inconspicuous appearance, and a wooden fence surrounds a low two-story building that resembles a farmyard. However, it was the birthplace of the French literary and artistic revolution at the beginning of the 20th century. Many schools were born here. At that time, when night fell, Picasso, Max Jacob, Apolinel, Francis Calgo, Roland Doyle and many other young painters and writers would come here to spend a long night.

Among a group of penniless and lively young artists, Picasso is the most silent. Even he doesn't want to be alone in his studio. He often comes here and sits among a group of vibrant young people, listening to them talk loudly, recite poems and poems, accumulate materials for life and draw inspiration from them. Max Jacob, Calgary and Doljales were activists who were so happy and interested that they even went to the table and bar to recite poems aloud and sing Parisian ballads and songs they wrote, many of which became popular pop songs.

In the Montmartre Heights, this group of young writers and artists form a unique landscape. At that time, whenever people talked about art, they would say, "go to the highlands!" Because, in the highlands, there are a group of brilliant art stars such as Picasso, Utrillo, Van Donghon and Max Jacob. Van Gogh also lingered in the highlands to explore his artistic path.

Montmartre Heights is also the cradle of modern French pop songs. Oren Baldier, the author of Internationale, Clemen, and Aristide Brunn, the author of Cherry Seasons, all began to write songs after the failure of the Paris Commune. Aristide Bruin, in particular, has been singing his own songs in cafes in the highlands. With his rebellious image of black top hat and red bib, he created the tradition of pop songs rebelling against bourgeois society and can be called the ancestor of modern French pop songs.

The Ling Rabbit Coffee Bar still maintains its former unadorned style. There, guests can still listen to the old songs that have stirred the hearts of generations of French people.

St. Germain, the meadow on the left bank of the Seine, is a neighborhood inhabited by literati and Mohist, famous for its numerous alleys and literary cafes. The "God of Flowers" Cafe, the "Lip" Cafe and the "double Fool" Cafe are the most famous. Writers of all literary schools meet in these cafes.

In the 1920s and 1930s, French writers and poets such as Aragon, Gidd, Malraux, Apolinel, Fagg and other French writers and poets often haunted the Lip and double Fools Cafe. Fargo was a Paris expert. He had walked the streets of Paris on foot and wrote a book, the Parisian Walker. In his book, he commented that a cup of coffee in Saint-Germain's caf é on the grass would give you a general idea of a day's life in Paris literature.

After the second World War, literature is active, and this trend is even more popular. Sartre, Simone de Bovoy, Camus and others opened up a new world to meet in the nearby "Flower God" Cafe to discuss existential literature. As a result, the "Flower God" Cafe gained the reputation of "Existentialism Cafe".

Montparnasse is also famous for its numerous literary cafes. Poet Baudelaire used to visit the "big thatched house" hotel here, and Apolinel liked to dine at the "Buddy" restaurant here. The "Lily Garden" hotel is a cafe frequented by Moreas, Yari, Paul Ford and Salmon, the founder of Dadaism, as well as friends and celebrities.

At the beginning of this century, as painters Picasso, Rousseau, Modigoriani and flamenck settled here, Montparnasse soon became a mecca of art like Montmartre Heights. Rodriguez, Roma, Gupol, Bradell and Buddy are all well-known cafes in this neighborhood.

4 celebrity editors Paris is a famous cosmopolitan city, and most foreigners who come to Paris like cafes. Among them, there is no lack of international celebrities. How many years have passed, the scenery of the past can be found vaguely.

At the beginning of the 20th century, many Russian revolutionaries went into exile in Paris. Lenin, Trotsky and Chernyshevsky can be seen in the cafes in the Montparnasse neighborhood. In the Lodongde Cafe, Chernychevsky preached his theory on the proletarian literary revolution.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the leaders of the Chinese revolution, such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi, often went to cafes to rest and exchange ideas when they were on work-study programs in Paris. In the cafe near the Italian square, Deng Xiaoping likes to eat French croissant. Nearly half a century later, when he passed through Paris to attend the United Nations General Assembly in New York, he did not forget to ask someone to buy croissant, take it back to Beijing and distribute it to his work-study friends at that time.

American writers Ernest Hemingway, pound, Stein, Fitzgerald, Henry Miller and his girlfriend Anaisning were all regular customers of cafes around Montparnasse during their stay in Paris.

British writers Oscar Wilde and Joyce are also fascinated by the Paris Cafe.

Of course, there are many famous people from all over the world who have had the same experience. Therefore, some people call Montparnasse the international station in the cosmopolitan city, and the people who once stayed here will never forget the cafes in Paris and their unique role in human communication.

5 making method editing siphon brewing method

Using the principle of vapor pressure (a method invented by a marine engineer, probably inspired by a steam engine), the heated water flows upward from the lower beaker through a siphon and filter cloth, and then mixed with the coffee powder in the upper cup, the ingredients in the coffee powder are completely quenched out, and the quenched coffee liquid is removed from the fire and flowed back to the lower cup. After full of scientific process, you can enjoy the fruits of science. If you want to be a scientist, start from here!

Filter paper brewing method

This is a method invented by housewives, a typical family method, much more practical! In brewing, filter paper is used to filter out all coffee grounds, and the filter paper is discarded every time it is used to get clear and mellow coffee. When using filter paper coffee pot, it is appropriate to choose finely ground coffee powder to get the best brewing effect.

Filter cloth brewing method

Using the principle of "old soup to boil new medicine", this is the method favored by experts, because after the filter flannelette has been used repeatedly, the grease of the coffee will be attached to the lines of the flannelette, making the coffee more mellow. If you want to fill everyone's coffee cups at once, try this old cloth-get twice the result with half the effort!

Water drop brewing method

Dripping coffee, also known as Dutch coffee, is a dripping pot invented by an archbishop in Paris. It uses cold or ice water to quench the coffee essence at a rate of 40 drops per minute. Only the Bishop, who has nothing to do all day, can come up with this grinding idea! If you spare no time or effort, try it, no one will stop you! It is worth mentioning that this kind of coffee contains very low caffeine, so it is very refreshing, but the price is very high.

6. Cultural exchanges between coffee and tea editors

France is located in the western part of the European continent and the largest country in Western Europe. China ranks in the middle of Asia and the largest country in Asia. One is a transit station for cultural exchanges in the world, and the other is an ancient cultural country with a history of 5,000 years. The two bright pearls in Eurasia and Asia minor influence the process of civilization in the world, promote the communication of information culture between the West and the East, and promote the continuation of human history.

To be precise, cultural exchange and promotion, from a humanistic point of view, pursue not only historical issues, but also economic, political and cultural fields. What is derived from these fields is some very subtle links, such as French coffee and Chinese tea, which drive the exchange of food culture, and the cultural exchange from ancient times to the present is inseparable from diet. As a part of human ancient civilization, it broke through regional restrictions and language barriers, so that China and France found a breakthrough and shortcut for cultural exchanges.

Coffee and tea can become a part of cultural exchanges, symbolizing not only the taste of drinks, but also an important bridge to communicate the friendly relations between the two peoples. Just like the ancient Silk Road and the modern Eurasian Continental Bridge, it pushed China to the world and brought the world close to China.

Coffee and tea play such a seemingly insignificant role, but in fact they are a pair of indispensable roles, just like Huadan and Xiaosheng of Beijing Opera. Can you imagine watching Beijing Opera without them?

Coffee

Coffee has a long history, and coffee from all over the world has its own characteristics, such as the picking of the first coffee bean, the first roasting test, the first grinding, the first blending and the mellow aroma of the first cup of hot coffee. Coffee culture has become one of the greatest and most romantic stories in human history. The French are already one of the most romantic peoples in the world, so naturally, they can't drink coffee without the word romantic. The French are not drinking coffee, they are not drinking, they are tasting, the meaning of tasting the word is too much, tasting the taste of coffee, tasting coffee is unique, in the final analysis, what the French pursue is the mood, artistic conception and environment of coffee, which is somewhat similar to that of Chinese people drinking tea. French people can read newspapers all day for a cup of coffee and think about it with friends all day, which is the charm of a cup of coffee, while Chinese people can take three or five sips of tea between small bridge and flowing water and talk for three or five hours without feeling irritable and disgusted. French people develop this habit of drinking coffee, it is not forced out, it expresses a kind of elegant charm, a kind of romantic sentiment, a kind of freehand feeling of enjoying life, paying attention to taste, enjoying life is a kind of life culture for romantic French people.

People who have visited France may find that in front of restaurants and hotels in the streets, there are several open-air cafes for people to rest and colorful shade umbrellas, decorating the streets of France into a pastime full of national characteristics. By the side of the busy street, order a pleasant cup of Sicilian coffee, slowly look at the bustling crowd, romantic and open French flavor, mixed with the unique bitterness of coffee, taste this unique food culture, occasionally run into the famous Paris beauty, is also a great joy of life!

There is an inextricable relationship between French coffee and its own cultural heritage. It is conceivable that in the French literary world of the 18th century Renaissance, great poets like Balzac and Hugo drank a cup of hot coffee that had been brewing for a long time in one hand. Coffee runs through different art genres. The painter Van Gogh once lived in the attic of a French cafe, and his painting had a "Cafe at Night". He was so affectionate about the cafe that he wrote in a letter: "I hope to hold a personal exhibition of my paintings in this cafe one day." Balzac wrote about the crazy coffee: "sweeter than a thousand kisses, more intoxicating than old wine, as long as I have coffee company, I am willing not to marry for the rest of my life."

For the past 15 years, every day after work, Ruz Salfatti has gone to a nearby cafe to order a glass of white wine and smoke a cigarette. For her, this is the happiest thing in the world.

France's smoking ban in most public places across the country will be extended to bars, restaurants, restaurants and nightclubs in the New year, as well as cafes, France's favorite places.

Although there is a special smoking area outside the coffee shop, it does not satisfy all smokers. "I don't know what to do next." "maybe I'll just have to drink the wine and go home for a smoke," said Salfatti, 65. "

Although many French people say they are surprised by the smoking ban in cafes, opinion polls show that 66% of French people support the anti-smoking law, while opponents have not staged a big boycott. Banning smoking in cafes seems to be another French move away from tradition since Starbucks in Paris came to power as smokeless and fitness president Nicolas Sarkozy. Of course, there is inevitably a painful side to the process.

"all my customers smoke, and so do my employees. What should we do now? " Said Colombo, 43, the owner of two cafes in Paris, Le Panier and Le Faitout.

For Colombo, the new smoking ban also poses practical problems. He explained that after the smoking ban, people can no longer smoke in cafes to relieve their boredom, and they are no longer willing to wait a long time for the food and drinks ordered. As a result, cooks and waiters have to work faster and customers flow much faster-which is clearly contrary to the traditional French way of life. "the days when people drink a few bottles of wine and chat while eating in a cafe will probably never happen again." "the whole atmosphere of the cafe will be completely changed," he said. "

For years, the ubiquitous cafes in Paris have been crowded with people. People like to smoke a few cigarettes when they spend hours inside drinking or drinking coffee. The same is true when eating large plates of cheese or onion soup, as well as when reading newspapers, novels or textbooks, especially when gossiping, being lovelorn or arguing about political issues. Back then, philosophy masters Sartre and Simon de Beaufort talked freely about philosophy in the smoke-filled atmosphere of the famous "Flower Cafe". The smoke-filled image of the cafe they took part in is still alive today.

"smokers are more passionate." Said Veronica Moran, 51. She has been a smoker for 40 years and is a regular at the Le Cyrano Cafe near Paris's bustling place Corledge. "We are more sensitive than ordinary people, we think and discuss problems deeply, we tend to become intoxicated, and we rebel against conventions."

But now, contrary to their romantic imagination, these smoking rebels find themselves increasingly marginalized. "banning smoking in cafes is the end of this type of person." "nowadays, people are keen to work harder to earn more money, stay motivated, stay in shape and look good," Moran said. "

It is a bit far-fetched to think that smoking will become an old thing in France. After all, the image of Serge Ginsburg, the godfather and poet of French music, smoking a pipe is well known. However, the smoking ban seems to mark a shift in French culture, giving a healthier, more modern and more adaptable image.

Ireland and Italy, which have a long tradition of smoking, imposed smoking bans in 2004 and 2005 respectively, and the results were smooth. In Germany, different places have different rules, and Berlin, like France, will ban smoking in all closed public places, including coffee shops beloved by Berliners, from next year by New Year's Day.

Of course, it is not without people who complain about the anti-smoking law. The French, dissatisfied with the anti-smoking law, say it almost destroys the social lubricant function of one of the most important functions of French cafes.

"in France, cafes are places where all social classes interact and integrate." Moran said, "everyone goes there, from the old lady to the students. This is great, there will no longer be all kinds of people in the cafe, there will only be people in their 30s. "

"people often say that cafes are the thermometer of a country." Cecil, 54, says she is the owner of La Fronde, a bar shop selling tobacco in Paris's Marais, the historical and cultural heartland of Paris. "in the cafe, we smoked and met new friends. People here exchange ideas, listen and learn from each other, and talk about everything. If all this is banned, what do we have left? "

In many ways, La Fronde is a typical portrayal of life in Paris cafes: in the early morning, street cleaners in bright green uniforms sit side by side with well-dressed businessmen for coffee; at lunchtime, ordinary wage earners dine in bars with dishevelled hippies, and diners of all ages touch the arms of the people next to them. In the evening rush hour, there is always the crisp sound of drinking and clinking glasses in a cheerful conversation, but at any time, the only constant is the smoke that goes unnoticed or flutters or wreaths around the bar.

Sekunda, 43, is a regular at the bar, and although he is not a smoker, he thinks the coming anti-smoking law is a bit excessive. "the French have always taken 'freedom, equality and fraternity' as their motto." "and the cafe is a vivid embodiment of this spirit," he said. In the old cafe, you could smoke if you wanted to. The price of beer was the same for everyone, and all kinds of people could talk to each other. For this kind of life, the new smoking ban will be a big hindrance. "

Sekunda believes that people will feel more strongly about the smoking ban in a small village far from Paris, where cafes are the only social places for people. Many people have begun to miss the benefits of cafes-they bring all sectors of society together, even though sometimes people just talk to each other and smoke a few cigarettes.