The growth habits of coffee the distribution of coffee the three main types of coffee

Coffee trees grow in national gardens in tropical or subtropical regions with the equator as the center and between latitudes 25 degrees south and north, called the coffee belt. At present, coffee is produced in more than 60 countries, widely distributed in South America, Central America, the West Indies, Asia, Africa, Arabia, the South Pacific and Oceania. In terms of production, Brazil, which accounts for the largest output in the world, accounts for about 30%; the second is Central and South America, which is centered on Colombia (10%), accounting for 60%; followed by Africa and Arabia, accounting for about 30%; the remaining 10% are distributed in Asia and most islands. The growth habits of coffee: coffee trees belong to the evergreen family of Akanaceae, and they are tropical plants that are not cold. They are mostly planted in areas with an elevation of 300,400m, and are also cultivated on highlands with elevations of 2000 to 2500 meters. But those who are planted on slopes above 1500 meters above sea level have better quality. Coffee trees are most suitable for growing in an environment where the average temperature is about 20 degrees Celsius, annual precipitation is 1500-2000 mm, soil permeability is strong, and sunshine is suitable. Coffee is afraid of Frosts Descent and the cold winter, and must not be planted in the highlands where frost falls. Generally speaking, wild coffee trees can grow to about 8 meters. They are planted at home. In order to protect the quality of coffee beans, facilitate management and harvest, the height is cut to 2 meters. Coffee beans begin to bear fruit 3-5 years after sowing, and 5-20 years is the harvest period. A coffee tree can produce about 3-5 kilograms of coffee cherries per year. There are three kinds of coffee: at present, there are three kinds of coffee: Arabica, Robusta and Liberika. Arabica species: of Elaraby Sinia (now Ethiopia), with the highest quality of the three largest tree species, accounting for 2/3 of the world's coffee production. Coffee beans are oval and flat, cultivated in the highlands. It is characterized by strong fragrance and good quality; Robsta species: produced in the African Congo, strong disease resistance, high temperature resistance, slightly smaller fruit, accounting for 30% of the world's output, bitter but not sour, the aroma is not very good, and most of them are used to make mixed coffee; Liberika species: Liberia in Africa, the cultivation history is later than Arabica species. It is characterized by light fragrance and strong bitter taste, and its quality and output are poor. The structure of coffee cherries and the classification of coffee beans: coffee beans are fresh and green raw beans obtained by removing their red flesh, peel and silver skin from coffee cherries. The structure of coffee cherry is exocarp, pulp, endocarp, silver peel and seed from outside to inside. Coffee cherries are oval in shape. Coffee beans can be divided into round beans and flat beans, round beans refer to a coffee cherry, usually have two coffee beans, but some have only one because of incomplete embryonic development, that is, round beans, which are oval in shape. Flat bean refers to a coffee cherry, usually the fruit of coffee is composed of two oval seeds, because its joint is flat, it is called flat bean.