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Species of coffee beans plant classification of coffee

Published: 2024-09-20 Author: World Gafei

Last Updated: 2024/09/20, Classification of plants Coffee beans Coffee trees belong to the evergreen tree of Rubiaceae. Rubiaceae plants have been dominated by plants with special effects since ancient times, such as quinine tree, which is regarded as a specific drug for malaria, and Dugen, which is used to treat amoeba dysentery. Coffee is defined as the most unique alkaloid drinking flora. The fruit of coffee consists of outer skin, pulp, endocarp, silver skin, and the above-mentioned layers.

plant classification

coffee beans

Coffee tree is an evergreen tree of Rubiaceae family. Since ancient times, plants of Rubiaceae have been mostly plants with special medicinal effects. Quinine tree, which is regarded as a special medicine for malaria, and Dugen, which treats Amiba dysentery, are examples. Coffee is positioned as the most unique alkaloid drinking flora.

The fruit of coffee is formed by the outer skin, pulp, endocarp, silver skin, and seeds (coffee beans) wrapped in the innermost layers. The seeds are located in the central part of the fruit, and the parts outside the seeds are almost useless. Usually there are two pairs of seeds in the fruit, but occasionally there is only one seed in the fruit, which is called a fruit bean. To indicate symmetry, we call the fruit with two pairs of seeds a female bean. Coffee plants have at least 40 "species", of which the more practical cultivation species are three original species: plateau cultivation, lowland cultivation, minimum cultivation.

Coffee trees can grow to five to ten meters tall after two to three years of planting, but farmers tend to trim them to 1.5 to two meters to prevent coffee beans from losing their aroma and flavor, and to facilitate harvesting. Three to five years after sowing the seeds begin to bear fruit. Twenty years after the fifth year is the harvest period.

Coffee tree evergreen leaves, leaf tip is more pointed, and is two opposite group. The leaves are dark green on the surface and light green on the back. The flowers are pure white. There are five stamens and one pistil in the flowers. The petals are usually five petals, but some are six petals or even eight petals. The flowers will emit jasmine fragrance, but they will wither in about three or four days. The fruit is dark green at first, but as it matures, it turns yellow, then red, and finally dark red.

The ring between the Tropic of Cancer is called the Coffee Zone or Coffee Belt. Because the area is rich in fertile organic matter and volcanic ash soil, the average temperature is about 20 degrees, the average annual rainfall is between 1000 and 2000mm, and there is no large temperature difference in the year, it becomes an ideal coffee production area. Planting coffee must be strictly guarded against cold air, dry hot wind and frost.