Panamanian Coffee Manor with Citrus and Flower fragrance the flavor and taste characteristics of Erida Manor

Panama is located on the Panamanian isthmus in Central America, bounded by Colombia to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

Map of Panama

Map of Panama

It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west and the Caribbean to the north. The territory is S-shaped to connect North and South America, and the Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans from north to south. It is known as the "bridge of the world". [5] Panama has a land area of 75517 square kilometers, a land length of 772km and a width of between 60km and 177km. The coastline is 2988 kilometers long and the land boundary is 555 kilometers long. In terms of longitude and latitude, Panama is located between 7 °and 10 °north latitude and 77 °to 83 °west longitude.

Topography and geomorphology

The whole territory of Panama is undulating, with vertical and horizontal valleys, mostly mountains except the north and south coastal plains. [6]

Hydrology

There are more than 400 Panamanian rivers, the larger of which are Tuila, Chebo and Chagrys. [6]

Climate

Panama is near the equator and has a tropical maritime climate. It is humid during the day and cool at night. The annual average temperature is 23-27C °. The whole year is divided into two seasons: drought and rain, with an average annual precipitation of 1500m3 2500mm. [6]

Panamanian land use: arable land accounts for 8.9%, permanent pastures account for 20.0%, forests and woodland account for 43.0%, others account for 28.1%; per capita arable land accounts for 0.6 acres. [2]

Mineral resources

Panama is rich in mineral resources, but it is not exploited much, and the scale of the mine is small. The main minerals are gold, silver, copper, iron, mercury, bauxite, manganese, salt, oil and so on. The reserves of copper, salt and bauxite are relatively large. As of 2013, Panama has more than 200 million tons of copper ore, ranking fourth in the world. The proven copper reserves can be mined for 50 years. [5]

Forest resources

Panama is rich in forest resources and has many tree species, including valuable wood such as mahogany, cedar, teak, mahogany, and cedar. The forest area of eastern Dalian Province is the most widely distributed, but it has not been fully developed due to lack of market and for reasons such as national defense and protection of the natural ecological environment. [5] in 2010, FAO estimated that the forest area of Panama was 4.29 million hectares, accounting for 57 per cent of the land area. [9]

National symbol editor

National flag

The Panamanian flag was launched on November 3, 1904. The flag is rectangular and the ratio of length to width is 3:2. The flag consists of four rectangles of white, red and blue. White symbolizes peace; red and blue represent the former Panamanian Liberal Party and the Conservative Party respectively, and they are also symbols of the two parties' United struggle for the interests of the nation. The blue star on the white background at the top left represents loyalty and integrity, while the red star on the white background at the lower right represents the authority of the law. The design of the crosshairs divided into four pieces represents that Panama is located at the junction of South America, North America, Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Red, blue and white are the colors of the American Stars and Stripes that support the independence of Panama. The flag was designed by Manuel Amador Guerrero, the first president of Panama.

When the commodity price of coffee was relatively low, the Panamanian Fine Coffee Association organized a competition called "Best Panama": coffee beans from different parts of Panama were ranked and auctioned online. Esmeralda Manor has been growing a kind of coffee called "Geisha" for many years, and the auction has made their coffee known to more people. Then they won the first place in the competition for four consecutive years from 2004 to 2007, and then won the competition again in 2009 and 2013. It kept breaking records until it was priced at $21/lb in 2004 and then rose to $170/lb in 2010. In 2013, a small portion of the sun-treated coffee was sold for $350.25/lb. There is no doubt that this is the highest price ever sold for a single manor coffee.

Unlike some other high-priced coffee (such as cat shit, Blue Mountain), the coffee quality of this estate is really up to its price level, although high demand and market factors also play a role. This record-breaking coffee tastes unusual: bright and strong floral and citrus flavors, full of tea. All these come from the advantage of "Geisha".

This estate has led to the cultivation of "Geisha" in many coffee plantations not only in Panama but also throughout Central America. For many coffee farmers, this variety means a high price, and to a large extent, this perception is correct. Because as a manor that grows "Geisha", the price of its coffee is always higher than that of other estates.

Traceability of origin

Panamanian coffee has high traceability of origin. Generally speaking, the origin of coffee in Panama can be traced to a single manor or even to a field on the manor.

Flavor characteristics

The better coffee in Panama has citrus and floral aromas, bright taste, elegant and complex flavor.